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arXiv:1407.2888 · Physical Review A

All-optical quantum storage based on spatial chirp of the control field

Xiwen Zhang, А. А. Калачев, Olga A. Kocharovskaya

Published Nov 17, 2014• 17 citations
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Abstract

We suggest an all-optical quantum memory scheme which is based on the off-resonant Raman interaction of a signal quantum field and a strong control field in a three-level atomic medium in the case where the control field has a spatially varying frequency across the beam, called a spatial chirp. We show that the effect of such a spatial chirp is analogous to the effect of a controllable reversible inhomogeneous broadening of the atomic transition used in the gradient echo memory scheme. The proposed scheme does not require temporal modulation of the control field or the atomic levels and can be realized without additional electric or magnetic fields. This means that materials demonstrating neither linear Stark nor Zeeman effects can be used and/or materials which are placed in specific external fields remain undisturbed.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.90.052322

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•Mar 1, 2018•0 citations
We suggest an all-optical quantum memory scheme which is based on the off-resonant Raman interaction of a signal quantum field and a strong control field in a three-level atomic medium in the case where the control field has a spatially varying frequency across the beam, called a spatial chirp. We show that the effect of such a spatial chirp is analogous to the effect of a controllable reversible inhomogeneous broadening of the atomic transition used in the gradient echo memory scheme. The proposed scheme does not require temporal modulation of the control field or the atomic levels and can be realized without additional electric or magnetic fields. This means that materials demonstrating neither linear Stark nor Zeeman effects can be used and/or materials which are placed in specific external fields remain undisturbed.
Continuous change of the propagation direction of a classical control field in the process of its off-resonant Raman interaction with a weak signal field in a three-level atomic medium is suggested for quantum storage of a single-photon wave packet. It is shown that due to the phase-matching condition such an angular control allows one to reversibly map the single-photon wave packet to the Raman spatial coherence grating. Thus, quantum storage and retrieval can be realized without using inhomogeneous broadening of the atomic transitions or manipulating the amplitude of the control field. Under some conditions the proposed scheme proves to be mathematically analogous to the quantum storage scheme based on controlled reversible inhomogeneous broadening of the atomic states.
We examine a quantum memory scheme based on controllable dephasing of atomic coherence of a non-resonant, inhomogeneously broadened Raman transition. We show that it generalizes the physical conditions for time-reversible interaction between light and atomic ensembles from weak to strong fields and from linear to non-linear interactions. We also develop a unified framework for different realizations exploiting either controlled reversible inhomogeneous broadening or atomic frequency combs, and discuss new aspects related to storage and manipulation of quantum states.
A scheme for spatial multimode quantum memory is developed such that spatial-temporal structure of a weak signal pulse can be stored and recalled via cavity-assisted off-resonant Raman interaction with a strong angular-modulated control field in an extended $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$-type atomic ensemble. It is shown that effective multimode storage is possible when the Raman coherence spatial grating involves wave vectors with different longitudinal components relative to the paraxial signal field. The possibilities of implementing the scheme in the solid-state materials are discussed.
Photon-echo based optical quantum memory schemes often employ intermediate steps to transform optical coherences to spin coherences for longer storage times. We analyze a scheme that uses three identical chirped control pulses for coherence rephasing in an inhomogeneously broadened ensemble of three-level $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ systems. The pulses induce a cyclic permutation of the atomic populations in the adiabatic regime. Optical coherences created by a signal pulse are stored as spin coherences at an intermediate time interval, and are rephased for echo emission when the ensemble is returned to the initial state. Echo emission during a possible partial rephasing when the medium is inverted can be suppressed with an appropriate choice of control pulse wave vectors. We demonstrate that the scheme works in an optically dense ensemble, despite control pulse distortions during propagation. It integrates conveniently the spin-wave storage step into memory schemes based on a second rephasing of the atomic coherences.
We discuss a class of quantum memory (QM) scheme based on phase matching control (PMC). A single-photon wave packet can be mapped into and retrieved on demand from a long-lived spin grating in the presence of a control field, forming along with the signal field a Raman configuration, when the wave vector of the control field is continuously changed in time. Such mapping and retrieval takes place due to the phase matching condition and requires neither a variation of the amplitude of the control field nor inhomogeneous broadening of the medium. We discuss the general model of PMC QM and its specific implementation via (i) modulation of the refractive index, (ii) angular scanning of the control field, and (iii) its frequency chirp. We show that the performance of the PMC QM protocol may be as good as those realized in the gradient echo memory (GEM) but achieved with less stringent requirements on the medium. We suggest the experimental realization of PMC QM in nitrogen vacancies (NV) and silicon vacancies (SiV) in diamond as well as in rare-earth doped crystals.
The increasing interest in the study of the interaction of several resonant fields with multilevel quantum systems is due to a wide range of possible applications of various effects observed in the multi-frequency excitation of quantum objects. Among them, we can note color echo holography, information compression in three-level environments, copying of quantum information, and multi-level quantum gates that perform logical operations. In addition, the recording and reproduction of echo holograms in multi-level systems leads to the possibility, along with logical operations, to perform a change in the real-time scale and the sequence of events in the echo-hologram response, the data on which were embedded into the temporal structure of the object laser pulse. The formation of optical transient processes in multilevel systems occurs when the short laser pulses separated in time and resonant of different frequency transitions at the substance have an effect on the system, so that their interaction with each other becomes possible only through the medium and only if the medium has a sufficiently long phase memory. In this situation, each laser pulse transmits information about its wave characteristics to the medium, and this information is retained here until the arrival of the next laser pulses. The formation of optical transient processes in a multilevel system in a solid depends essentially on the degree of correlation of the inhomogeneous broadening on different frequency transitions and different time intervals, in connection with the possible destruction of the reversible phase memory of the system due to a partial mutual fixation energies of transitions. The influence of external spatially inhomogeneous electric fields on the resonant medium can lead to an additional artificially created inhomogeneous broadening. In this case, it is possible to control the phase memory of the system by changing the parameters of external spatially inhomogeneous electric fields, and the most pronounced effect on phase memory is the case of laser excitation of narrow frequency regions of inhomogeneously broadened lines of the resonance transitions. Moreover, the artificially created inhomogeneous broadening by external spatially inhomogeneous electric fields due to the Stark effect can be comparable with the spread of frequencies due to a partial mutual fixation of the transition energies, which leads to a partial restoration of the coherence of the multilevel system. This effect can lead to an increase in the intensity of the response of the stimulated photon echo (SPE) in the three-level system, which is the opposite effect of photon echo locking.