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arXiv:1407.1970 · Physical Review Letters

Dipole-Induced Electromagnetic Transparency

Raiju Puthumpally-Joseph, Maxim Sukharev, Osman Atabek, Éric Charron

Published Oct 16, 2014• 26 citations
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Abstract

We determine the optical response of a thin and dense layer of interacting quantum emitters. We show that, in such a dense system, the Lorentz redshift and the associated interaction broadening can be used to control the transmission and reflection spectra. In the presence of overlapping resonances, a dipole-induced electromagnetic transparency (DIET) regime, similar to electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), may be achieved. DIET relies on destructive interference between the electromagnetic waves emitted by quantum emitters. Carefully tuning material parameters allows us to achieve narrow transmission windows in, otherwise, completely opaque media. We analyze in detail this coherent and collective effect using a generalized Lorentz model and show how it can be controlled. Several potential applications of the phenomenon, such as slow light, are proposed.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.113.163603

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We determine the optical response of a thin and dense layer of interacting quantum emitters. We show that, in such a dense system, the Lorentz redshift and the associated interaction broadening can be used to control the transmission and reflection spectra. In the presence of overlapping resonances, a dipole-induced electromagnetic transparency (DIET) regime, similar to electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), may be achieved. DIET relies on destructive interference between the electromagnetic waves emitted by quantum emitters. Carefully tuning material parameters allows us to achieve narrow transmission windows in, otherwise, completely opaque media. We analyze in detail this coherent and collective effect using a generalized Lorentz model and show how it can be controlled. Several potential applications of the phenomenon, such as slow light, are proposed.
We present a detailed, realistic analysis of the implementation of a proposal for dipole-induced electromagnetic transparency (DIET) [R. Puthumpally-Joseph, M. Sukharev, O. Atabek, and E. Charron, Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 163603 (2014)] using an ensemble of cold atoms at high density. Using both direct numerical simulations and simple analytical models, we show how, in a realistic NNN-level quantum system, narrow transparency windows can appear at large densities. The existence of such windows is attributed to quantum interference effects in overlapping resonances. Our analysis is applied to the D1{D}_{1}D1​ transition of Rb atoms, and we show that, at high densities, Rb can behave like a simple three-level emitter exhibiting all the properties of DIET. Some interesting effects such as slow light are also presented, and their limits in the context of DIET are discussed
Resonant dipole-dipole interaction (RDDI) emerges in strong light-matter interacting systems, which leads to many fascinating phenomena such as cooperative light scattering and collective radiation. Here, we theoretically investigate the role of RDDI in electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). The resonant dipole-dipole interactions manifest themselves in the cooperative spontaneous emission of the probe light transition, which give rise a broadened linewidth and associated collective frequency shift. This cooperative linewidth originates from the nonlocal and long-range RDDI, which can be determined by the atomic density, optical depth, and macroscopic length scales of the atomic ensemble. We present the finding that EIT spectroscopy essentially demonstrates all-order multiple scattering of RDDI. Furthermore, we find that the EIT transparency window becomes narrower as the cooperative linewidth increases, which essentially reduces the storage efficiency of slow light as an EIT-based quantum memory application.
Quantum coherence or phaseonium medium with electromagnetic-induced transparency (EIT) may have been widely explored, but the incorporation of boundaries into finite structures like thin films and photonic crystals introduce additional resonant features. A narrow transmission peak exists in resonant medium due to multiple reflections and interference. The corresponding analytical formulas for absorptive and EIT media are derived. A double dip feature is found only for transverse magnetic polarized light, due to longitudinal electric field component in a Fabry-Perot thin film. We study these resonant features in a finite superlattice and discuss potential applications of the features. For phaseonium medium with laser-driven gain, transmission and reflection peaks beyond unity appear between the two EIT resonances. Realizations using solid-state materials such as doped crystals and quantum dots with potential applications are discussed.
Steady-state dynamics of a \ensuremath{\Lambda} atom in a ring cavity driven by two coherent fields are studied for arbitrary detunings, arbitrary incoherent pumping, and coherent driving intensities. Effects of both cavity and effective atom number on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) are pointed out. New physical pictures for cavity EIT are given in terms of collective cooperative coefficients and dispersion experienced by the probe. In the regime of smaller collective cooperative coefficients, an absorption-gain profile is reduced to that of a general EIT estimated by the imaginary part of a corresponding dipole moment, and its transparency window is directly proportional to power broadening, if the total Rabi frequency is large enough. But in the region of larger collective cooperative coefficients which means a dense atomic medium, longer optical path, or high-Q cavity, EIT is determined not only by the imaginary part but also by the real part of the corresponding dipole moment, which results in the possibility of observing an EIT central peak with a subnatural width, while there may be nearly no power broadening.
Electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT) in three-level Λ-systems is based on quantum interference effects involving coherence between the two lower levels, which allow propagation of a resonant probe light beam in the presence of a strong coupling field. We have observed transparency in ultra-narrow (<10 kHz) windows at the resonant 1.083 μm transition for purely electronic spins in gaseous 4 He* at room temperature. Slow light is an interesting outcome of the EIT phenomenon due to extreme dispersion within the narrow transparency window. We have obtained group delays of about 4 μs in a 2.5 cm long He* cell. A complete theoretical analysis explains our observations emphasizing the positive role of collisions. Slow light with 1-GHz Doppler broadening opens the door to applications of controllable large-bandwidth delays in radars.
Here we present a microscopic model that describes the Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) phenomenon in the multiple scattering regime. We consider an ensembles of cold three-level atoms, in a Λ\LambdaΛ configuration, scattering a probe and a control field to the vacuum modes of the electromagnetic field. By first considering a scalar description of the scattering, we show that the light-mediated long-range interactions that emerge between the dipoles narrow the EIT transparency window for increasing densities and sample sizes. For a vectorial description, we demonstrate that near-field interacting terms can critically affect the atomic population transfer in the Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage (STIRAP). This result points out that standard STIRAP-based quantum memories in dense and cold atomic ensembles would not reach efficiency high enough for quantum information processing applications.