Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:1407.1228 · Physical Review A

Deterministic entanglement of Rydberg ensembles by engineered dissipation

D. D. Bhaktavatsala Rao, Klaus Mølmer

Published Dec 11, 2014• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We propose a scheme that employs dissipation to deterministically generate entanglement in an ensemble of strongly interacting Rydberg atoms. With a combination of microwave driving between different Rydberg levels and a resonant laser coupling to a short-lived atomic state, the ensemble can be driven towards a dark steady state that entangles all atoms. The long-range resonant dipole-dipole interaction between different Rydberg states extends the entanglement beyond the van der Waals interaction range with perspectives for entangling atoms in separate ensembles.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.90.062319

Related papers

Deterministic entanglement of Rydberg ensembles by engineered dissipation

Durga Bhaktavatsala Rao Dasari, Klaus Mølmer

We propose a scheme that employs dissipation to deterministically generate entanglement in an ensemble of strongly interacting Rydberg atoms. With a combination of microwave driving between different Rydberg levels and a resonant laser coupling to a short lived atomic state, the ensemble can be driven towards a dark steady state that entangles all atoms. The long-range resonant dipole-dipole interaction between different Rydberg states extends the entanglement beyond the van der Walls interaction range with perspectives for entangling large and distant ensembles.

•Dec 11, 2014•43 citations

Dark Entangled Steady States of Interacting Rydberg Atoms

D. D. Bhaktavatsala Rao, Klaus Mølmer

We propose a scheme for rapid generation of high fidelity steady-state entanglement between a pair of atoms. A two-photon excitation process toward long-lived Rydberg states with finite pairwise interaction, a dark-state interference effect in the individual atoms, and spontaneous emission from their short-lived excited states lead to rapid, dissipative formation of an entangled steady state. We show that for a wide range of physical parameters, this entangled state is formed on a time scale given by the strengths of coherent Raman and Rabi fields applied to the atoms, while it is only weakly dependent on the Rydberg interaction strength.

arXiv:1304.4466•Physical Review Letters•Jul 17, 2013•131 citations

Fast Entangling Gates for Rydberg Atoms via Resonant Dipole-Dipole Interaction

Giuliano Giudici, Stefano Veroni, Giacomo Giudice +2 more

The advent of digital neutral-atom quantum computers relies on the development of fast and robust protocols for high-fidelity quantum operations. In this work, we introduce a novel scheme for entangling gates using four atomic levels per atom: a ground-state qubit and two Rydberg states. A laser field couples the qubit to one of the two Rydberg states, while a microwave field drives transitions between the two Rydberg states, enabling a resonant dipole-dipole interaction between different atoms. We show that controlled- Z gates can be realized in this scheme without requiring optical phase modulation and relying solely on a microwave field with time-dependent phase and amplitude. We demonstrate that such gates are faster and less sensitive to Rydberg decay than state-of-the-art Rydberg gates based on van der Waals interactions. Moreover, we systematically stabilize our protocol against interatomic distance fluctuations and analyze its performance in realistic setups with rubidium or cesium atoms. Our results open up new avenues to the use of microwave-driven dipolar interactions for quantum computation with neutral atoms.

arXiv:2411.05073•PRX Quantum•Jun 5, 2025•16 citations

Dissipatively driven entanglement of two macroscopic atomic ensembles

Christine A. Muschik, Eugene Simon Polzik, J. I. Cirac

Up to now, the lifetime of experimentally demonstrated entangled states has been limited due to their fragility under decoherence and dissipation. Therefore, they are created under strict isolation conditions. In contrast, new approaches harness the coupling of the system to the environment, which drives the system into the desired state. Following these ideas, we present a robust method for generating steady-state entanglement between two distant atomic ensembles. The proposed scheme relies on the interaction of the two atomic systems with the common vacuum modes of an electromagnetic field which act as an engineered environment. We develop the theoretical framework for two-level systems, including dipole-dipole interactions, and complement it by considering its implementation in multilevel ground states. Based on these results, the realization of entanglement generation by engineered dissipation has been experimentally demonstrated [H. Krauter, C. A. Muschik, K. Jensen, W. Wasilewski, J. M. Petersen, J. I. Cirac, and E. S. Polzik, e-print arXiv:1006.4344].

arXiv:1007.2209•Physical Review A•May 17, 2011•155 citations

Periodically driven facilitated high-efficiency dissipative entanglement with Rydberg atoms

Rui Li, Dongmin Yu, Shi‐Lei Su +1 more

A time-dependent periodical field can be utilized to efficiently modify the Rabi coupling of system, exhibiting nontrivial dynamics. We propose a scheme to show that this feature can be utilized for speeding up the formation of dissipative steady entanglement based on the Rydberg antiblockade mechanism. When the modulation frequency is exactly equal to the central frequency of the driving field, a sufficient residence time of the two-excitation Rydberg state is allowed for an irreversible spontaneous decay onto the target state, leading to a steady entanglement with a high fidelity $\ensuremath{\sim}0.98$ and a shorter generation time $<400\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{s}$. We show that a global maximal fidelity benefits from a consistence of microwave-field coupling and spontaneous decay strengths. The scheme manifests robust insensitivities towards the imperfect initialization, the fluctuations of van der Waals interaction, and the modulation frequency. This simple approach to facilitate the generation of dissipative entangled two-qubit states may guide an experimental direction in Rydberg quantum technology and quantum information.

arXiv:1911.03643•Physical Review A•Apr 23, 2020•31 citations

Dipole-dipole-interaction–driven antiblockade of two Rydberg atoms

Shi-Lei Su, Weibin Li

Resonant laser excitation of multiple Rydberg atoms are prohibited, leading to Rydberg blockade, when the long-range van der Waals interactions are stronger than the laser-atom coupling. Rydberg blockade can be violated, i.e., simultaneous excitation of more than one Rydberg atom, by off-resonant laser excitation, causing an excitation antiblockade. Rydberg antiblockade gives rise to strongly correlated many-body dynamics and spin-orbit coupling and also finds quantum computation applications. Instead of commonly used van der Waals interactions, we investigate antiblockade dynamics of two Rydberg atoms interacting via dipole-dipole exchange interactions. We study typical situations in current Rydberg atom experiments, where different types of dipole-dipole interactions can be achieved by varying Rydberg state couplings. An effective Hamiltonian governing underlying antiblockade dynamics is derived. We illustrate that geometric gates can be realized with the Rydberg antiblockade which is robust against the decay of Rydberg states. Our study may stimulate new experimental and theoretical exploration of quantum optics and strongly interacting many-body dynamics with Rydberg antiblockade driven by dipole-dipole interactions.

arXiv:2006.06529•Physical Review A•Sep 27, 2021•27 citations
We propose a scheme that employs dissipation to deterministically generate entanglement in an ensemble of strongly interacting Rydberg atoms. With a combination of microwave driving between different Rydberg levels and a resonant laser coupling to a short-lived atomic state, the ensemble can be driven towards a dark steady state that entangles all atoms. The long-range resonant dipole-dipole interaction between different Rydberg states extends the entanglement beyond the van der Waals interaction range with perspectives for entangling atoms in separate ensembles.
We propose a scheme that employs dissipation to deterministically generate entanglement in an ensemble of strongly interacting Rydberg atoms. With a combination of microwave driving between different Rydberg levels and a resonant laser coupling to a short lived atomic state, the ensemble can be driven towards a dark steady state that entangles all atoms. The long-range resonant dipole-dipole interaction between different Rydberg states extends the entanglement beyond the van der Walls interaction range with perspectives for entangling large and distant ensembles.
We propose a scheme for rapid generation of high fidelity steady-state entanglement between a pair of atoms. A two-photon excitation process toward long-lived Rydberg states with finite pairwise interaction, a dark-state interference effect in the individual atoms, and spontaneous emission from their short-lived excited states lead to rapid, dissipative formation of an entangled steady state. We show that for a wide range of physical parameters, this entangled state is formed on a time scale given by the strengths of coherent Raman and Rabi fields applied to the atoms, while it is only weakly dependent on the Rydberg interaction strength.
The advent of digital neutral-atom quantum computers relies on the development of fast and robust protocols for high-fidelity quantum operations. In this work, we introduce a novel scheme for entangling gates using four atomic levels per atom: a ground-state qubit and two Rydberg states. A laser field couples the qubit to one of the two Rydberg states, while a microwave field drives transitions between the two Rydberg states, enabling a resonant dipole-dipole interaction between different atoms. We show that controlled- Z gates can be realized in this scheme without requiring optical phase modulation and relying solely on a microwave field with time-dependent phase and amplitude. We demonstrate that such gates are faster and less sensitive to Rydberg decay than state-of-the-art Rydberg gates based on van der Waals interactions. Moreover, we systematically stabilize our protocol against interatomic distance fluctuations and analyze its performance in realistic setups with rubidium or cesium atoms. Our results open up new avenues to the use of microwave-driven dipolar interactions for quantum computation with neutral atoms.
Up to now, the lifetime of experimentally demonstrated entangled states has been limited due to their fragility under decoherence and dissipation. Therefore, they are created under strict isolation conditions. In contrast, new approaches harness the coupling of the system to the environment, which drives the system into the desired state. Following these ideas, we present a robust method for generating steady-state entanglement between two distant atomic ensembles. The proposed scheme relies on the interaction of the two atomic systems with the common vacuum modes of an electromagnetic field which act as an engineered environment. We develop the theoretical framework for two-level systems, including dipole-dipole interactions, and complement it by considering its implementation in multilevel ground states. Based on these results, the realization of entanglement generation by engineered dissipation has been experimentally demonstrated [H. Krauter, C. A. Muschik, K. Jensen, W. Wasilewski, J. M. Petersen, J. I. Cirac, and E. S. Polzik, e-print arXiv:1006.4344].
A time-dependent periodical field can be utilized to efficiently modify the Rabi coupling of system, exhibiting nontrivial dynamics. We propose a scheme to show that this feature can be utilized for speeding up the formation of dissipative steady entanglement based on the Rydberg antiblockade mechanism. When the modulation frequency is exactly equal to the central frequency of the driving field, a sufficient residence time of the two-excitation Rydberg state is allowed for an irreversible spontaneous decay onto the target state, leading to a steady entanglement with a high fidelity $\ensuremath{\sim}0.98$ and a shorter generation time $<400\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{s}$. We show that a global maximal fidelity benefits from a consistence of microwave-field coupling and spontaneous decay strengths. The scheme manifests robust insensitivities towards the imperfect initialization, the fluctuations of van der Waals interaction, and the modulation frequency. This simple approach to facilitate the generation of dissipative entangled two-qubit states may guide an experimental direction in Rydberg quantum technology and quantum information.
Resonant laser excitation of multiple Rydberg atoms are prohibited, leading to Rydberg blockade, when the long-range van der Waals interactions are stronger than the laser-atom coupling. Rydberg blockade can be violated, i.e., simultaneous excitation of more than one Rydberg atom, by off-resonant laser excitation, causing an excitation antiblockade. Rydberg antiblockade gives rise to strongly correlated many-body dynamics and spin-orbit coupling and also finds quantum computation applications. Instead of commonly used van der Waals interactions, we investigate antiblockade dynamics of two Rydberg atoms interacting via dipole-dipole exchange interactions. We study typical situations in current Rydberg atom experiments, where different types of dipole-dipole interactions can be achieved by varying Rydberg state couplings. An effective Hamiltonian governing underlying antiblockade dynamics is derived. We illustrate that geometric gates can be realized with the Rydberg antiblockade which is robust against the decay of Rydberg states. Our study may stimulate new experimental and theoretical exploration of quantum optics and strongly interacting many-body dynamics with Rydberg antiblockade driven by dipole-dipole interactions.