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arXiv:1304.4466 · Physical Review Letters

Dark Entangled Steady States of Interacting Rydberg Atoms

D. D. Bhaktavatsala Rao, Klaus Mølmer

Published Jul 17, 2013• 131 citations
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Abstract

We propose a scheme for rapid generation of high fidelity steady-state entanglement between a pair of atoms. A two-photon excitation process toward long-lived Rydberg states with finite pairwise interaction, a dark-state interference effect in the individual atoms, and spontaneous emission from their short-lived excited states lead to rapid, dissipative formation of an entangled steady state. We show that for a wide range of physical parameters, this entangled state is formed on a time scale given by the strengths of coherent Raman and Rabi fields applied to the atoms, while it is only weakly dependent on the Rydberg interaction strength.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.111.033606

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We propose a scheme that employs dissipation to deterministically generate entanglement in an ensemble of strongly interacting Rydberg atoms. With a combination of microwave driving between different Rydberg levels and a resonant laser coupling to a short-lived atomic state, the ensemble can be driven towards a dark steady state that entangles all atoms. The long-range resonant dipole-dipole interaction between different Rydberg states extends the entanglement beyond the van der Waals interaction range with perspectives for entangling atoms in separate ensembles.
We propose a scheme that employs dissipation to deterministically generate entanglement in an ensemble of strongly interacting Rydberg atoms. With a combination of microwave driving between different Rydberg levels and a resonant laser coupling to a short lived atomic state, the ensemble can be driven towards a dark steady state that entangles all atoms. The long-range resonant dipole-dipole interaction between different Rydberg states extends the entanglement beyond the van der Walls interaction range with perspectives for entangling large and distant ensembles.
Abstract A scheme to prepare a 3D entangled state between a pair of Rydberg atoms via dissipative dynamics and electromagnetic induced transparency associated with the single‐atom dark state is proposed. The prepared entangled state is the dark state of the whole system. The scheme is also feasible regardless of initial purity or mixed state. Since the proposed scheme is based on the Rydberg block regime, the Rydberg–Rydberg interaction strength does not need to satisfy a certain relation with laser detuning, which is very different to the Rydberg‐antiblock‐based dissipative schemes. One group of Rydberg states and corresponding parameters to simulate the fidelity are used, which verify the feasibility of the scheme.
Scheme to prepare three-dimensional entangled state between a pair of Rydberg atoms is proposed via dissipative dynamics and Electromagnetic Induced Transparency (EIT) associated with the single-atom dark state. The prepared entangled state is the dark state of the whole system. The schemes are feasible no matter the system initially in arbitrary purity or mixed states and do not have accurate requirements on evolution time. In contrast to most of the former Rydberg-atombased dissipative schemes, the Rydberg-Rydberg interaction (RRI) strength do not need to satisfy a certain relation with laser detuning since it works in the blockade as well as intermediate regimes.
A time-dependent periodical field can be utilized to efficiently modify the Rabi coupling of system, exhibiting nontrivial dynamics. We propose a scheme to show that this feature can be utilized for speeding up the formation of dissipative steady entanglement based on the Rydberg antiblockade mechanism. When the modulation frequency is exactly equal to the central frequency of the driving field, a sufficient residence time of the two-excitation Rydberg state is allowed for an irreversible spontaneous decay onto the target state, leading to a steady entanglement with a high fidelity $\ensuremath{\sim}0.98$ and a shorter generation time $<400\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{s}$. We show that a global maximal fidelity benefits from a consistence of microwave-field coupling and spontaneous decay strengths. The scheme manifests robust insensitivities towards the imperfect initialization, the fluctuations of van der Waals interaction, and the modulation frequency. This simple approach to facilitate the generation of dissipative entangled two-qubit states may guide an experimental direction in Rydberg quantum technology and quantum information.