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arXiv:1406.5729 · Physical Review B

Solvable models for unitary and nonunitary topological phases

Zlatko Papić

Published Aug 12, 2014• 22 citations
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Abstract

Hamiltonians of fractional quantum Hall liquids generally involve interactions between many-particle clusters. As such, analytic insight in the problem often appears impossible. Now a family of simple and tractable models for fractional quantum Hall states is proposed. This provides researchers with a new tool to study their excited states which could be both Abelian and non-Abelian.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.90.075304

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I present a family of one-dimensional bosonic liquids analogous to non-Abelian fractional quantum Hall states. A new quantum number is introduced to characterize these liquids, the chiral momentum, which differs from the usual angular or linear momentum in one dimension. As their two-dimensional counterparts, these liquids minimize a kkk-body hard-core interaction with the minimum total chiral momentum. They exhibit global order, with a hidden organization of the particles in kkk identical copies of a one-dimensional Laughlin state. For k=2k=2k=2 the state is a ppp-wave paired phase corresponding to the Pfaffian quantum Hall state. By imposing conservation of the total chiral momentum, an exact parent Hamiltonian is derived which involves long-range tunneling and interaction processes with an amplitude decaying with the chord distance. This family of non-Abelian liquids is shown to be in formal correspondence with a family of spin-k2\frac{k}{2}2k​ liquids which are total singlets made out of kkk indistinguishable resonating valence bond states. The corresponding spin Hamiltonians are obtained.
I present a family of one-dimensional time reversal lattice Hamiltonians whose exact ground states are bosonic non-Abelian fractional quantum Hall liquids with well defined total chiral momentum. These Hamiltonians describe k-hard-core bosons and involve long-range tunneling and interaction processes with an amplitude decaying with the chord distance. For k=2 the ground state is a p-wave paired phase corresponding to the Pfaffian quantum Hall state. This family of non-Abelian liquids is shown to be in one-to-one correspondence with a family of non-Abelian spin-k/2 liquids exhibiting hidden non-local order. They are total singlets made out of k indistinguishable Resonating Valence Bond states. The corresponding spin parent Hamiltonians are obtained.
We introduce a family of commuting-projector Hamiltonians whose degrees of freedom involve Z3{\mathbb{Z}}_{3}Z3​ parafermion zero modes residing in a parent fractional-quantum-Hall fluid. These commuting-projector models inherit nontrivial Hall conductance from the parent quantum-Hall states in which they are defined, and thus can describe chiral topological phases. The two simplest models in this family emerge from dressing Ising-paramagnet and toric-code spin models with parafermions; we study their edge properties, anyonic excitations, and ground-state degeneracy. We show that the first model realizes a symmetry-enriched topological phase (SET) for which Z2{\mathbb{Z}}_{2}Z2​ spin-flip symmetry from the Ising paramagnet permutes the anyons. Interestingly, the interface between this SET and the parent quantum-Hall phase realizes symmetry-enforced Z3{\mathbb{Z}}_{3}Z3​ parafermion criticality with no fine-tuning required. The second model exhibits a non-Abelian phase that is consistent with SU(2)4\text{SU}{(2)}_{4}SU(2)4​ topological order, and can be accessed by gauging the Z2{\mathbb{Z}}_{2}Z2​ symmetry in the SET. Employing Levin-Wen string-net models with Z2{\mathbb{Z}}_{2}Z2​-graded structure, we generalize this picture to construct a large class of commuting-projector models for Z2{\mathbb{Z}}_{2}Z2​ SETs and non-Abelian topological orders exhibiting the same relation. Our construction provides the first commuting-projector-Hamiltonian realization of chiral bosonic non-Abelian topological order.