Pauli spin matrices, Pauli group, commutators, anti-commutators and the Kronecker product are studied. Applications to eigenvalue problems, exponential functions of such matrices, spin Hamilton operators, mutually unbiased bases, Fermi operators and Bose operators are provided.
Abstract In a typical introductory course on quantum mechanics the student has to face two quite different operator products. One of them leads to, for example, commutators and the uncertainty principle, and the other appears when one goes from a one-particle system to a multi-particle one. The latter gives rise to the direct or tensor product of operators and vector spaces, and to the Kronecker product of the matrix representations of the operators. We illustrate the practical utility of the Kronecker product by means of two spin systems commonly discussed in introductory courses on quantum mechanics and also by means of a simple model for the interpretation of the NMR signal produced by two interacting protons.
In quantum mechanics, there are some classical bases which are generalized to higher dimensional matrices. So, it is useful to express their corresponding operators using the Dirac Bra and Ket. In this paper, to express the corresponding operators we review the Kronecker-Pauli matrices and how to construct them for an N-dimensional system, with N a prime integer, N>2. Then, we give the expression of the Kronecker-Pauli operators and show that their matrices with respect to the standard basis fulfill the conditions to form a Kronecker-Pauli matrices.
In quantum mechanics, classical matrix bases such as the Pauli matrices are often generalized to higher dimensions. So, it is useful to express their corresponding operators using the Dirac Bra and Ket. In this paper, to express the corresponding operators we review the Kronecker-Pauli matrices and how to construct them for an N-dimensional system, with N a prime integer, N>2. Then, we give the expression of the Kronecker-Pauli operators and show that their matrices with respect to the standard basis fulfill the conditions to form a set of Kronecker-Pauli matrices.
In quantum mechanics, classical matrix bases such as the Pauli matrices are often generalized to higher dimensions. So, it is useful to express their corresponding operators using the Dirac Bra and Ket. In this paper, to express the corresponding operators we review the Kronecker-Pauli matrices and how to construct them for an N-dimensional system, with N a prime integer, N>2. Then, we give the expression of the Kronecker-Pauli operators and show that their matrices with respect to the standard basis fulfill the conditions to form a set of Kronecker-Pauli matrices. Relationship between the Kronecker-Pauli operators and the Weyl operators has been studied.