Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:1405.0655

Renormalization group analysis of multi-band many-electron systems at half-filling

Yohei Kashima

Published May 4, 2014• 3 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Renormalization group analysis for multi-band many-electron systems at half-filling at positive temperature is presented. The analysis includes the Matsubara ultra-violet integration and the infrared integration around the zero set of the dispersion relation. The multi-scale integration schemes are implemented in a finite-dimensional Grassmann algebra indexed by discrete position-time variables. In order that the multi-scale integrations are justified inductively, various scale-dependent estimates on Grassmann polynomials are established. We apply these theories in practice to prove that for the half-filled Hubbard model with nearest-neighbor hopping on a square lattice the infinite-volume, zero-temperature limit of the free energy density exists as an analytic function of the coupling constant in a neighborhood of the origin if the system contains the magnetic flux pi (mod 2 pi) per plaquette and 0 (mod 2 pi) through the large circles around the periodic lattice. Combined with Lieb's result on the flux phase problem ([Lieb, E. H., Phys. Rev. Lett. 73 (1994), 2158]), this theorem implies that the minimum free energy density of the flux phase problem converges to an analytic function of the coupling constant in the infinite-volume, zero-temperature limit. The proof of the theorem is based on a four-band formulation of the model Hamiltonian and an extension of Giuliani-Mastropietro's renormalization designed for the half-filled Hubbard model on the honeycomb lattice ([Giuliani, A. and V. Mastropietro, Commun. Math. Phys. 293 (2010), 301-346]).

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1405.0655

Related papers

The zero-temperature limit of the free energy density in many-electron systems at half-filling

Yohei Kashima

We prove by means of a renormalization group method that in weakly interacting many-electron systems at half-filling on a periodic hyper-cubic lattice, the free energy density uniformly converges to an analytic function of the coupling constants in the infinite-volume, zero-temperature limit if the external magnetic field has a chessboard-like flux configuration. The spatial dimension is allowed to be any number larger than 1. The system covers the Hubbard model with a nearest-neighbor hopping term, on-site interactions, exponentially decaying density-density interactions and exponentially decaying spin-spin interactions. The magnetic field must be included in the kinetic term by the Peierls substitution. The flux configuration and the sign of the nearest-neighbor density-density/spin-spin interactions can be adjusted so that the free energy density is minimum among all the flux configurations. Consequently, the minimum free energy density is proved to converge to an analytic function of the coupling constants in the infinite-volume, zero-temperature limit. These are extension of the results on a square lattice in the preceding work ([Kashima, Y., "The special issue for the 20th anniversary", J. Math. Sci. Univ. Tokyo. 23 (2016), 1-288]). We refer to lemmas proved in the reference in order to complete the proof of the main results of this paper. So this work is a continuation of the preceding work.

arXiv:1508.07543•Aug 30, 2015•0 citations

Renormalization-group analysis of the two-dimensional Hubbard model

Christoph J. Halboth, Walter Metzner

Salmhofer [Commun. Math. Phys. 194, 249 (1998)] recently developed a new renormalization-group method for interacting Fermi systems, where the complete flow from the bare action of a microscopic model to the effective low-energy action, as a function of a continuously decreasing infrared cutoff, is given by a differential flow equation which is local in the flow parameter. We apply this approach to the repulsive two-dimensional Hubbard model with nearest- and next-nearest-neighbor hopping amplitudes. The flow equation for the effective interaction is evaluated numerically on a one-loop level. The effective interactions diverge at a finite-energy scale which is exponentially small for small bare interactions. To analyze the nature of the instabilities signaled by the diverging interactions we extend Salmhofer's renormalization group for the calculation of susceptibilities. We compute the singlet superconducting susceptibilities for various pairing symmetries, and also charge- and spin-density susceptibilities. Depending on the choice of the model parameters (hopping amplitudes, interaction strength, and band filling) we find commensurate and incommensurate antiferromagnetic instabilities or d-wave superconductivity as leading instability. We present the resulting phase diagram in the vicinity of half-filling, and also results for the density dependence of the critical energy scale.

arXiv:cond-mat/9908471•Physical review. B, Condensed matter•Mar 15, 2000•326 citations

The two dimensional Hubbard Model at half-filling: I. Convergent Contributions

Vincent Rivasseau

We prove analyticity theorems in the coupling constant for the Hubbard model at half-filling. The model in a single renormalization group slice of index $i$ is proved to be analytic in $λ$ for $|λ| \le c/i$ for some constant $c$, and the skeleton part of the model at temperature $T$ (the sum of all graphs without two point insertions) is proved to be analytic in $λ$ for $|λ| \le c/|\log T|^{2}$. These theorems are necessary steps towards proving that the Hubbard model at half-filling is {\it not} a Fermi liquid (in the mathematically precise sense of Salmhofer).

arXiv:cond-mat/0107118•Jul 5, 2001•4 citations

Density-matrix functional theory of the Hubbard model: An exact numerical study

Román López-Sandoval, G. M. Pastor

A density-functional theory for many-body lattice models is considered in which the single-particle density matrix ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{\mathrm{ij}}$ is the basic variable. Eigenvalue equations are derived for solving Levy's constrained search of the interaction energy functional $W[{\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{\mathrm{ij}}].$ $W[{\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{\mathrm{ij}}]$ is expressed as the sum of Hartree-Fock energy ${E}_{\mathrm{HF}}[{\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{\mathrm{ij}}]$ and the correlation energy ${E}_{C}[{\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{\mathrm{ij}}].$ Exact results are obtained for ${E}_{C}({\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{12})$ of the Hubbard model on various periodic lattices, where ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{\mathrm{ij}}={\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{12}$ for all nearest neighbors i and j. The functional dependence of ${E}_{C}({\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{12})$ is analyzed by varying the number of sites ${N}_{a},$ band filling ${N}_{e},$ and lattice structure. The infinite one-dimensional chain and one-, two-, or three-dimensional finite clusters with periodic boundary conditions are considered. The properties of ${E}_{C}({\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{12})$ are discussed in the limits of weak $({\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{12}\ensuremath{\simeq}{\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{12}^{0})$ and strong $({\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{12}\ensuremath{\simeq}{\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{12}^{\ensuremath{\infty}})$ electronic correlations, and in the crossover region $({\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{12}^{\ensuremath{\infty}}<~{\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{12}<~{\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{12}^{0}).$ Using an appropriate scaling we observe that ${\ensuremath{\varepsilon}}_{C}{(g}_{12}{)=E}_{C}{/E}_{\mathrm{HF}}$ has a pseudo-universal behavior as a function of ${g}_{12}=({\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{12}\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{12}^{\ensuremath{\infty}})/({\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{12}^{0}\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{12}^{\ensuremath{\infty}}).$ The fact that ${\ensuremath{\varepsilon}}_{C}{(g}_{12})$ depends weakly on ${N}_{a},$ ${N}_{e},$ and lattice structure suggests that the correlation energy of extended systems could be obtained quite accurately from finite-cluster calculations. Finally, the behaviors of ${E}_{C}({\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{12})$ for repulsive $(U>0)$ and attractive $(U<0)$ interactions are contrasted.

arXiv:cond-mat/9910264•Physical review. B, Condensed matter•Jan 15, 2000•45 citations

Renormalized diagrammatic perturbation theory using algorithmic Matsubara integration

Daria Gazizova

This thesis develops and applies numerical methods for computing correlated electrons at finite temperatures within perturbation theory, formulated in terms of Feynman diagrams. First we compute the fully renormalized effective interaction W in the 2D Hubbard model beyond the conventional low-order random phase approximation (RPA) and additionally resolve W into same-spin and opposite-spin channels. This analysis shows that starting from a purely local repulsive bare interaction U we get attractive effective nearest-neighbor interaction. We identify regimes of inverse temperature t and interaction U=t, where t denotes the nearest-neighbor hopping amplitude, in which this attraction appears. Such an emergent of attractive interaction is known to be able to promote superconductivity in the repulsive Hubbard model. Next, we introduce a method for incorporating higher-order diagrams within selfconsistent perturbative schemes. We merge algorithmic Matsubara integration (AMI) with discrete pole representations, including the discrete Lehmann representation and Prony (minimal pole) representation. AMI automates nested internal Matsubara frequency summations for arbitrary diagrams topologies through symbolic contour integration, which requires explicit access to the analytic pole structure of the input Green’s functions. By compressing the Green’s function into a small set of poles and corresponding weights, we regain access to its analytic pole structure, which allows us to iterate the calculation within self-consistent schemes. Benchmarks on the Bethe lattice demonstrate accurate single-shot and self-consistent self-energies on both Matsubara and real axes. For self-consistent calculations, we use two standard schemes, where AMI combined with the discrete pole representation works as a selfenergy and impurity solver. We further extend calculations to third and fourth order of interaction in self-energy diagrams. This approach yields the ability to perform self-consistent calculations at a fraction of the cost compared to other Matsubara-axis methods without moving to the real axis at every step of the iteration. Finally we demonstrate the universality of the AMI+DLR framework, by decomposing any diagram evaluation into a computational kernel that depends only on the diagram topology and DLR parameters, and a set of coefficients determined by the physical system. This separation enables precomputation and reuse of the computational kernel for a certain diagram topology and any physical problem, both in single-shot and iterative calculations. We illustrate the universality by reusing the same computational kernel for two simple systems: the 2D Hubbard square lattice and the H₂ molecule.

•May 1, 2026•0 citations

Superconducting phase in the BCS model with imaginary magnetic field. II. Multi-scale infrared analysis

Yohei Kashima

We analyze the reduced BCS model with an imaginary magnetic field in a large domain of the temperature and the imaginary magnetic field. The magnitude of the attractive reduced BCS interaction is fixed to be small but independent of the temperature and the imaginary magnetic field unless the temperature is high. We impose a series of conditions on the free dispersion relation. These conditions are typically satisfied by free electron models with degenerate Fermi surface. For example, our theory applies to the model with nearest-neighbor hopping on 3 or 4-dimensional (hyper-)cubic lattice having degenerate free Fermi surface or the model with nearest-neighbor hopping on the honeycomb lattice with zero chemical potential. We prove that a spontaneous U(1)-symmetry breaking (SSB) and an off-diagonal long range order (ODLRO) occur in many areas of the parameter space. The SSB and the ODLRO are proved to occur in low temperatures arbitrarily close to zero in particular. However, it turns out that the SSB and the ODLRO are not present in the zero-temperature limit. The proof is based on Grassmann Gaussian integral formulations and a multi-scale infrared analysis of the formulations. We keep using notations and lemmas of our previous work [Y. Kashima, accepted for publication in J. Math. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, arXiv:1609.06121] implementing the double-scale integration scheme. So the multi-scale analysis this paper presents is a continuation of the previous work.

arXiv:1709.06714•Sep 20, 2017•3 citations
Renormalization group analysis for multi-band many-electron systems at half-filling at positive temperature is presented. The analysis includes the Matsubara ultra-violet integration and the infrared integration around the zero set of the dispersion relation. The multi-scale integration schemes are implemented in a finite-dimensional Grassmann algebra indexed by discrete position-time variables. In order that the multi-scale integrations are justified inductively, various scale-dependent estimates on Grassmann polynomials are established. We apply these theories in practice to prove that for the half-filled Hubbard model with nearest-neighbor hopping on a square lattice the infinite-volume, zero-temperature limit of the free energy density exists as an analytic function of the coupling constant in a neighborhood of the origin if the system contains the magnetic flux pi (mod 2 pi) per plaquette and 0 (mod 2 pi) through the large circles around the periodic lattice. Combined with Lieb's result on the flux phase problem ([Lieb, E. H., Phys. Rev. Lett. 73 (1994), 2158]), this theorem implies that the minimum free energy density of the flux phase problem converges to an analytic function of the coupling constant in the infinite-volume, zero-temperature limit. The proof of the theorem is based on a four-band formulation of the model Hamiltonian and an extension of Giuliani-Mastropietro's renormalization designed for the half-filled Hubbard model on the honeycomb lattice ([Giuliani, A. and V. Mastropietro, Commun. Math. Phys. 293 (2010), 301-346]).
We prove by means of a renormalization group method that in weakly interacting many-electron systems at half-filling on a periodic hyper-cubic lattice, the free energy density uniformly converges to an analytic function of the coupling constants in the infinite-volume, zero-temperature limit if the external magnetic field has a chessboard-like flux configuration. The spatial dimension is allowed to be any number larger than 1. The system covers the Hubbard model with a nearest-neighbor hopping term, on-site interactions, exponentially decaying density-density interactions and exponentially decaying spin-spin interactions. The magnetic field must be included in the kinetic term by the Peierls substitution. The flux configuration and the sign of the nearest-neighbor density-density/spin-spin interactions can be adjusted so that the free energy density is minimum among all the flux configurations. Consequently, the minimum free energy density is proved to converge to an analytic function of the coupling constants in the infinite-volume, zero-temperature limit. These are extension of the results on a square lattice in the preceding work ([Kashima, Y., "The special issue for the 20th anniversary", J. Math. Sci. Univ. Tokyo. 23 (2016), 1-288]). We refer to lemmas proved in the reference in order to complete the proof of the main results of this paper. So this work is a continuation of the preceding work.
Salmhofer [Commun. Math. Phys. 194, 249 (1998)] recently developed a new renormalization-group method for interacting Fermi systems, where the complete flow from the bare action of a microscopic model to the effective low-energy action, as a function of a continuously decreasing infrared cutoff, is given by a differential flow equation which is local in the flow parameter. We apply this approach to the repulsive two-dimensional Hubbard model with nearest- and next-nearest-neighbor hopping amplitudes. The flow equation for the effective interaction is evaluated numerically on a one-loop level. The effective interactions diverge at a finite-energy scale which is exponentially small for small bare interactions. To analyze the nature of the instabilities signaled by the diverging interactions we extend Salmhofer's renormalization group for the calculation of susceptibilities. We compute the singlet superconducting susceptibilities for various pairing symmetries, and also charge- and spin-density susceptibilities. Depending on the choice of the model parameters (hopping amplitudes, interaction strength, and band filling) we find commensurate and incommensurate antiferromagnetic instabilities or d-wave superconductivity as leading instability. We present the resulting phase diagram in the vicinity of half-filling, and also results for the density dependence of the critical energy scale.
We prove analyticity theorems in the coupling constant for the Hubbard model at half-filling. The model in a single renormalization group slice of index iii is proved to be analytic in λλλ for ∣λ∣≤c/i|λ| \le c/i∣λ∣≤c/i for some constant ccc, and the skeleton part of the model at temperature TTT (the sum of all graphs without two point insertions) is proved to be analytic in λλλ for ∣λ∣≤c/∣log⁡T∣2|λ| \le c/|\log T|^{2}∣λ∣≤c/∣logT∣2. These theorems are necessary steps towards proving that the Hubbard model at half-filling is {\it not} a Fermi liquid (in the mathematically precise sense of Salmhofer).
A density-functional theory for many-body lattice models is considered in which the single-particle density matrix ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{\mathrm{ij}}$ is the basic variable. Eigenvalue equations are derived for solving Levy's constrained search of the interaction energy functional $W[{\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{\mathrm{ij}}].$ $W[{\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{\mathrm{ij}}]$ is expressed as the sum of Hartree-Fock energy ${E}_{\mathrm{HF}}[{\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{\mathrm{ij}}]$ and the correlation energy ${E}_{C}[{\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{\mathrm{ij}}].$ Exact results are obtained for ${E}_{C}({\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{12})$ of the Hubbard model on various periodic lattices, where ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{\mathrm{ij}}={\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{12}$ for all nearest neighbors i and j. The functional dependence of ${E}_{C}({\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{12})$ is analyzed by varying the number of sites Na,{N}_{a},Na​, band filling Ne,{N}_{e},Ne​, and lattice structure. The infinite one-dimensional chain and one-, two-, or three-dimensional finite clusters with periodic boundary conditions are considered. The properties of ${E}_{C}({\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{12})$ are discussed in the limits of weak $({\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{12}\ensuremath{\simeq}{\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{12}^{0})$ and strong $({\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{12}\ensuremath{\simeq}{\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{12}^{\ensuremath{\infty}})$ electronic correlations, and in the crossover region $({\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{12}^{\ensuremath{\infty}}<~{\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{12}<~{\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{12}^{0}).$ Using an appropriate scaling we observe that ${\ensuremath{\varepsilon}}_{C}{(g}_{12}{)=E}_{C}{/E}_{\mathrm{HF}}$ has a pseudo-universal behavior as a function of ${g}_{12}=({\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{12}\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{12}^{\ensuremath{\infty}})/({\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{12}^{0}\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{12}^{\ensuremath{\infty}}).$ The fact that ${\ensuremath{\varepsilon}}_{C}{(g}_{12})$ depends weakly on Na,{N}_{a},Na​, Ne,{N}_{e},Ne​, and lattice structure suggests that the correlation energy of extended systems could be obtained quite accurately from finite-cluster calculations. Finally, the behaviors of ${E}_{C}({\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{12})$ for repulsive (U>0)(U>0)(U>0) and attractive (U<0)(U<0)(U<0) interactions are contrasted.
This thesis develops and applies numerical methods for computing correlated electrons at finite temperatures within perturbation theory, formulated in terms of Feynman diagrams. First we compute the fully renormalized effective interaction W in the 2D Hubbard model beyond the conventional low-order random phase approximation (RPA) and additionally resolve W into same-spin and opposite-spin channels. This analysis shows that starting from a purely local repulsive bare interaction U we get attractive effective nearest-neighbor interaction. We identify regimes of inverse temperature t and interaction U=t, where t denotes the nearest-neighbor hopping amplitude, in which this attraction appears. Such an emergent of attractive interaction is known to be able to promote superconductivity in the repulsive Hubbard model. Next, we introduce a method for incorporating higher-order diagrams within selfconsistent perturbative schemes. We merge algorithmic Matsubara integration (AMI) with discrete pole representations, including the discrete Lehmann representation and Prony (minimal pole) representation. AMI automates nested internal Matsubara frequency summations for arbitrary diagrams topologies through symbolic contour integration, which requires explicit access to the analytic pole structure of the input Green’s functions. By compressing the Green’s function into a small set of poles and corresponding weights, we regain access to its analytic pole structure, which allows us to iterate the calculation within self-consistent schemes. Benchmarks on the Bethe lattice demonstrate accurate single-shot and self-consistent self-energies on both Matsubara and real axes. For self-consistent calculations, we use two standard schemes, where AMI combined with the discrete pole representation works as a selfenergy and impurity solver. We further extend calculations to third and fourth order of interaction in self-energy diagrams. This approach yields the ability to perform self-consistent calculations at a fraction of the cost compared to other Matsubara-axis methods without moving to the real axis at every step of the iteration. Finally we demonstrate the universality of the AMI+DLR framework, by decomposing any diagram evaluation into a computational kernel that depends only on the diagram topology and DLR parameters, and a set of coefficients determined by the physical system. This separation enables precomputation and reuse of the computational kernel for a certain diagram topology and any physical problem, both in single-shot and iterative calculations. We illustrate the universality by reusing the same computational kernel for two simple systems: the 2D Hubbard square lattice and the H₂ molecule.
We analyze the reduced BCS model with an imaginary magnetic field in a large domain of the temperature and the imaginary magnetic field. The magnitude of the attractive reduced BCS interaction is fixed to be small but independent of the temperature and the imaginary magnetic field unless the temperature is high. We impose a series of conditions on the free dispersion relation. These conditions are typically satisfied by free electron models with degenerate Fermi surface. For example, our theory applies to the model with nearest-neighbor hopping on 3 or 4-dimensional (hyper-)cubic lattice having degenerate free Fermi surface or the model with nearest-neighbor hopping on the honeycomb lattice with zero chemical potential. We prove that a spontaneous U(1)-symmetry breaking (SSB) and an off-diagonal long range order (ODLRO) occur in many areas of the parameter space. The SSB and the ODLRO are proved to occur in low temperatures arbitrarily close to zero in particular. However, it turns out that the SSB and the ODLRO are not present in the zero-temperature limit. The proof is based on Grassmann Gaussian integral formulations and a multi-scale infrared analysis of the formulations. We keep using notations and lemmas of our previous work [Y. Kashima, accepted for publication in J. Math. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, arXiv:1609.06121] implementing the double-scale integration scheme. So the multi-scale analysis this paper presents is a continuation of the previous work.