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arXiv:1404.2021 · Physical Review A

Slow-light Airy wave packets and their active control via electromagnetically induced transparency

Chao Hang, Guoxiang Huang

Published Jul 16, 2013• 14 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We propose a scheme to generate (3+1)-dimensional slow-light Airy wave packets in a resonant $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$-type three-level atomic gas via electromagnetically induced transparency. We show that in the absence of dispersion the Airy wave packets formed by a probe field consist of two Airy wave packets accelerated in transverse directions and a longitudinal Gaussian pulse with a constant propagating velocity lowered to ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}c$ ($c$ is the light speed in vacuum). We also show that in the presence of dispersion it is possible to generate another type of slow-light Airy wave packet consisting of two Airy beams in transverse directions and an Airy wave packet in the longitudinal direction. In this case, the longitudinal velocity of the Airy wave packet can be further reduced during propagation. Additionally, we further show that the transverse accelerations (or bending) of the both types of slow-light Airy wave packets can be completely eliminated and the motional trajectories of them can be actively manipulated and controlled by using a Stern-Gerlach gradient magnetic field.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.88.013825

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We propose a scheme to produce ultraslow (3+13+13+1)-dimensional helical optical solitons, also called helical optical bullets, in a resonant three-level $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$-type atomic system via quantum coherence. We show that, due to the effect of electromagnetically induced transparency, the helical optical bullets can propagate with an ultraslow velocity up to ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$ ccc (ccc is the light speed in vacuum) in the longitudinal direction and a slow rotational motion (with velocity ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}7}$ ccc) in transverse directions. The generation power of such optical bullets can be lowered to microwatts, and their stability can be achieved by using a Bessel optical lattice potential formed by a far-detuned laser field. We also show that the transverse rotational motion of the optical bullets can be accelerated by applying a time-dependent Stern-Gerlach magnetic field. Because of the ultraslow velocity in the longitudinal direction, a significant acceleration of the rotational motion of optical bullets may be observed for a very short medium length.
We investigate the possibility of guiding stable ultraslow weak-light bullets by using Airy beams in a cold, lifetime-broadened four-level atomic system via electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). We show that under EIT condition the light bullet with ultraslow propagating velocity and extremely low generation power formed by the balance between diffraction and nonlinearity in the probe field can be not only stabilized but also steered by the assisted field. In particular, when the assisted field is taken to be an Airy beam, the light bullet can be trapped into the main lobe of the Airy beam, propagate ultraslowly in longitudinal direction, accelerate in transverse directions, and move along a parabolic trajectory. We further show that the light bullet can bypass an obstacle when guided by two sequential Airy beams. A technique for generating ultraslow helical weak-light bullets is also proposed.
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XXX waves are a special type of wave packet that can maintain their transverse profile of XXX shape during propagation, and they are of much interest for the study of fundamental physics and practical applications. Here we present a scheme to generate nonlinear XXX waves and realize their active control by using a cold gas of Rydberg atoms via electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). We show that, due to the EIT effect contributed by a control laser field and the strong, nonlocal Kerr nonlinearity contributed by Rydberg-Rydberg interaction between atoms, the system supports high-dimensional, nonlocal, and nonlinear optical XXX waves, which have low propagation loss, ultraslow propagation velocity, and ultralow generation power. We also show that the stability domain of such XXX waves can be greatly enlarged by increasing the nonlocality degree of the Kerr nonlinearity, and their motion trajectory can be manipulated by using an external magnetic field. Our study opens a route for generating and controlling nonlocal ultraslow nonlinear optical XXX waves, which may have promising applications in optical information processing and transmission.
We propose a scheme to exhibit Stern-Gerlach deflection of high-dimensional vector optical solitons at a weak-light level in a cold atomic gas via electromagnetically induced transparency. We show that the propagating velocity and generation power of such solitons can be reduced to ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}c$ (ccc is light speed in vacuum) and lowered to magnitude of nanowatt, respectively. The stabilization of the solitons is realized by using an optical lattice potential formed by a far-detuned laser field, and trajectories of them are deflected significantly by using a transversal Stern-Gerlach gradient magnetic field. Deflection angles of the solitons can be of magnitude of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ rad when propagating several millimeters. Different from atomic Stern-Gerlach deflection, deflection angles of the solitons can be distinct for different polarization components and can be manipulated in a controllable way. The result obtained can be described in terms of the Stern-Gerlach effect for vector optical solitons with quasispin and effective magnetic moment.