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arXiv:1403.6647 · Physical Review A

Higher-order nonclassicalities in a codirectional nonlinear optical coupler: Quantum entanglement, squeezing, and antibunching

Kishore Thapliyal, Anirban Pathak, Biswajit Sen, Jan Peřina

Published Jul 8, 2014• 85 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Higher-order nonclassical properties of fields propagating through a codirectional asymmetric nonlinear optical coupler which is prepared by combining a linear waveguide and a nonlinear (quadratic) waveguide operated by second harmonic generation are studied. A completely quantum mechanical description is used here to describe the system. Closed form analytic solutions of Heisenberg's equations of motion for various modes are used to show the existence of higher-order antibunching, higher-order squeezing, and higher-order two-mode and multimode entanglement in the asymmetric nonlinear optical coupler. It is also shown that nonclassical properties of light can transfer from a nonlinear waveguide to a linear waveguide.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.90.013808

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We investigate both codirectional and contradirectional nonlinear couplers composed of two nonlinear waveguides operating by second-harmonic generation. We take into account possible mismatches inside the waveguides and between them. We calculate the photon number distribution, its factorial moments, quadrature and integrated intensity variances and quadrature uncertainty product taking into account the effects of transmission of light between waveguides. Incident beams are assumed to be coherent, squeezed and mixed with external noise. Second-harmonic modes are assumed to be pumped with strong coherent beams. We show that non-classical behaviour of beams generated by the nonlinear waveguides can be transferred between them and controlled by linear and nonlinear mismatches. In the contradirectional regime of propagation, asymptotic non-classical states can be generated.
Quantum Zeno and anti-Zeno effects in an asymmetric nonlinear optical coupler are studied. The asymmetric nonlinear optical coupler is composed of a linear waveguide (χ (1)) and a nonlinear waveguide (χ(2)) interacting with each other through the evanescent waves. The nonlinear waveguide has quadratic nonlinearity and it operates under second harmonic generation. A completely quantum mechanical description is used to describe the system. The closed form analytic solutions of Heisenberg's equations of motion for the different field modes are obtained using Sen-Mandal perturbative approach. In the coupler, the linear waveguide acts as a probe on the system (nonlinear waveguide). The effect of the presence of the probe (linear waveguide) on the photon statistics of the second harmonic mode of the system is considered as quantum Zeno and anti-Zeno effects. Further, it is also shown that in the stimulated case, it is easy to switch between quantum Zeno and anti-Zeno effects just by controlling the phase of the second harmonic mode of the asymmetric coupler.