Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:1403.1964 · Physical Review Letters

Generation of Macroscopic Singlet States in a Cold Atomic Ensemble

N. Behbood, Ferran Martin Ciurana, Giorgio Colangelo, M. Napolitano, Géza Tóth, R. J. Sewell, Morgan W. Mitchell

Published Aug 25, 2014• 76 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We report the generation of a macroscopic singlet state in a cold atomic sample via quantum nondemolition measurement-induced spin squeezing. We observe 3 dB of spin squeezing and detect entanglement with 5σ statistical significance using a generalized spin-squeezing inequality. The degree of squeezing implies at least 50% of the atoms have formed singlets.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.113.093601

Related papers

Generation of a macroscopic singlet state in an atomic ensemble

N. Behbood, B. Dubost, M. Napolitano +4 more

We report on an experiment underway for generating singlet states in a cold atomic ensemble. We use quantum non-demolition measurement and feedback control to produce a macroscopic spin state with total spin zero and reduced spin fluctuations. We have developed a new detection system with the capability of real time measurement and feedback control. Simulations indicate that optical pumping is a good candidate for feedback.

•Jan 1, 2011•0 citations

Generation of a macroscopic singlet state in an atomic ensemble

N. Behbood, M. Napolitano, Giorgio Colangelo +5 more

We report on an experiment for generating singlet states in a cold atomic ensemble. We use quantum non-demolition measurement and feedback control to produce a macroscopic spin state with total spin zero and reduced spin fluctuations.

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics•Jan 1, 2012•0 citations

Generation of macroscopic singlet states in atomic ensembles

Géza Tóth, Morgan W Mitchell

We study squeezing of the spin uncertainties by quantum non-demolition (QND) measurement in non-polarized spin ensembles. Unlike the case of polarized ensembles, the QND measurements can be performed with negligible back-action, which allows, in principle, perfect spin squeezing as quantified by Tóth et al (2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 250405). The generated spin states approach many-body singlet states and contain a macroscopic number of entangled particles even when individual spin is large. We introduce the Gaussian treatment of unpolarized spin states and use it to estimate the achievable spin squeezing for realistic experimental parameters. Our proposal might have applications for magnetometry with a high spatial resolution or quantum memories storing information in decoherence free subspaces.

arXiv:0901.4110•New Journal of Physics•May 6, 2010•67 citations

Generation of a macroscopic singlet state in an atomic ensemble

N. Behbood, M. Napolitano, Giorgio Colangelo +5 more

We report on an experiment for generating singlet states in a cold atomic ensemble. We use quantum non-demolition measurement and feedback control to produce a macroscopic spin state with total spin zero and reduced spin fluctuations.

Research in Optical Sciences•Jan 1, 2012•1 citation

Generation of macroscopic spin singlets in cold atomic ensembles

N. Behbood

(English) This thesis describes the generation of macroscopic spin singlets in a cold atomic ensemble by performing quantum non-demolition measurement. Toward this goal we have implemented a realtime shot-nose limited detection system, incoherent feedback and spin state preparation via optical pumping, an upgraded absorption imaging system and coherent rotation of atomic spin via magnetic field control. Working with a magnetically sensitive atomic system triggered the development of a vector field magnetometry technique. We demonstrate a fast three-axis optical magnetometer using cold, optically trapped 87Rb gas as a sensor. By near-resonant Faraday rotation we record the free-induction decay following optical pumping to obtain the three field components and one gradient component. A single measurement achieves shot-noise limited sub-nT sensitivity in 1 ms, with transverse spatial resolution of about 20 micrometer. We make a detailed analysis of the shot-noise-limited sensitivity. We apply entropy removal by measurement and feedback to a cold atomic spin ensemble. Using quantum non-demolition probing by Faraday rotation measurement, and feedback by weak optical pumping, we drive the initially random collective spin variable F toward the origin F = 0. We use inputoutput relations and ensemble quantum noise models to describe this quantum control process and identify an optimal two-round control procedure. We observe 12 dB of spin noise reduction, or a factor of 63 reduction in phase-space volume. The method offers a non-thermal route to generation of exotic entangled states in ultra-cold gases, including macroscopic singlet states and strongly correlated states of quantum lattice gases. We generate approximate singlet states using the tools of measurementinduced spin squeezing: quantum non-demolition measurement and coherent magnetic rotations . By squeezing all three spin components, we approach the zero spin noise. Using a cold Rubidium atomic ensemble and nearresonant Faraday rotation probing, we have observed up to 3 dB of squeezing relative to the standard quantum limit, and a violation of the generalized spin squeezing inequality by more than 5 standard deviations. (Español) Esta tesis describe la generación del estado singlete de espín macroscópico formado por conjunto de átomos fríos mediante medidas cuánticas no destructivas. Para tal objetivo hemos implementado un sistema de detección en tiempo real limitado por propiedades fundamentales de la luz, "shot noise", así como un sistema de retroalimentación (feedback) incoherente, una preparación del estado de espín mediante bombeo óptico, una mejora del sistema de absorción de imágenes y un control del campo magnético para rotar de forma coherente el espín de los átomos. Trabajar con átomos sensibles al campo magnético desencadenó la necesidad de desarrollar una técnica pare medir el vector del campo magnético. Hemos demostrado un magnetómetro rápido, óptico, tri-axial que utiliza átomos de 87Rb atrapados ópticamente como sensor. Midiendo el decaimiento libre de la inducción (FID) a través de la rotación de Faraday con pulsos casi-resonantes obtenemos las tres componentes del campo así como una componente del gradiente. Una única medida está limitada por shot-noise y sensible en el rango sub-nT en 1 mili segundo, con una resolución espacial transversa de 20 micrómetros. En el cuerpo de la tesis estudiamos con detalle la sensibilidad en el límite shot-noise. Reducimos la entropía en un conjunto de átomos fríos con medidas y feedback. Utilizando medidas cuánticas no destructivas con la rotación de Faraday, y aplicando un leve feedback por bombeo óptico, llevamos la distribución inicial aleatoria de la variable colectiva de espín F hacia el origen de coordenadas F = 0. Utilizando relaciones de entrada-salida y modelos colectivos de ruido cuántico para describir la interacción identificamos como rutina óptima repetir el proceso de medir y feedback dos veces. Experimentalmente observamos 12 dB de reducción del ruido del espín, o una reducción en el espacio de fases de un factor 63. Éste método ofrece un procedimiento no térmico para la generación de estados entrelazados exóticos en gases ultrafríos, incluyendo un estado de singlete macroscópico y estados fuertemente correlacionados en quantum lattice gases. Generamos aproximadamente estados singlete utilizando los recursos que inducen spin squeezing: medidas no destructivas y rotaciones magnéticas coherentes. Al reducir el ruido en las tres componentes del espín, nos acercamos al cero ruido de espín. Utilizando un conjunto de átomos fríos de Rubidio y rotaciones de Faraday casi-resonantes, hemos observado hasta 3 dB de squeezing relativos al límite cuántico estándar, y una violación de la generalización de la desigualdad para spin squeezing de más de 5 desviaciones estándar.

•Apr 17, 2015•2 citations

Generation of a macroscopic singlet state in an atomic ensemble

N. Behbood, B. Dubost, M. Napolitano +4 more

We report on an experiment underway for generating a singlet state in a cold atomic ensemble. The experiment is based on a recent proposal to generate these states by applying a quantum non-demolition (QND) measurement and feedback to an unpolarized ensemble.

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)•May 1, 2011•0 citations
We report the generation of a macroscopic singlet state in a cold atomic sample via quantum nondemolition measurement-induced spin squeezing. We observe 3 dB of spin squeezing and detect entanglement with 5σ statistical significance using a generalized spin-squeezing inequality. The degree of squeezing implies at least 50% of the atoms have formed singlets.
We study squeezing of the spin uncertainties by quantum non-demolition (QND) measurement in non-polarized spin ensembles. Unlike the case of polarized ensembles, the QND measurements can be performed with negligible back-action, which allows, in principle, perfect spin squeezing as quantified by Tóth et al (2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 250405). The generated spin states approach many-body singlet states and contain a macroscopic number of entangled particles even when individual spin is large. We introduce the Gaussian treatment of unpolarized spin states and use it to estimate the achievable spin squeezing for realistic experimental parameters. Our proposal might have applications for magnetometry with a high spatial resolution or quantum memories storing information in decoherence free subspaces.
(English) This thesis describes the generation of macroscopic spin singlets in a cold atomic ensemble by performing quantum non-demolition measurement. Toward this goal we have implemented a realtime shot-nose limited detection system, incoherent feedback and spin state preparation via optical pumping, an upgraded absorption imaging system and coherent rotation of atomic spin via magnetic field control. Working with a magnetically sensitive atomic system triggered the development of a vector field magnetometry technique. We demonstrate a fast three-axis optical magnetometer using cold, optically trapped 87Rb gas as a sensor. By near-resonant Faraday rotation we record the free-induction decay following optical pumping to obtain the three field components and one gradient component. A single measurement achieves shot-noise limited sub-nT sensitivity in 1 ms, with transverse spatial resolution of about 20 micrometer. We make a detailed analysis of the shot-noise-limited sensitivity. We apply entropy removal by measurement and feedback to a cold atomic spin ensemble. Using quantum non-demolition probing by Faraday rotation measurement, and feedback by weak optical pumping, we drive the initially random collective spin variable F toward the origin F = 0. We use inputoutput relations and ensemble quantum noise models to describe this quantum control process and identify an optimal two-round control procedure. We observe 12 dB of spin noise reduction, or a factor of 63 reduction in phase-space volume. The method offers a non-thermal route to generation of exotic entangled states in ultra-cold gases, including macroscopic singlet states and strongly correlated states of quantum lattice gases. We generate approximate singlet states using the tools of measurementinduced spin squeezing: quantum non-demolition measurement and coherent magnetic rotations . By squeezing all three spin components, we approach the zero spin noise. Using a cold Rubidium atomic ensemble and nearresonant Faraday rotation probing, we have observed up to 3 dB of squeezing relative to the standard quantum limit, and a violation of the generalized spin squeezing inequality by more than 5 standard deviations. (Español) Esta tesis describe la generación del estado singlete de espín macroscópico formado por conjunto de átomos fríos mediante medidas cuánticas no destructivas. Para tal objetivo hemos implementado un sistema de detección en tiempo real limitado por propiedades fundamentales de la luz, "shot noise", así como un sistema de retroalimentación (feedback) incoherente, una preparación del estado de espín mediante bombeo óptico, una mejora del sistema de absorción de imágenes y un control del campo magnético para rotar de forma coherente el espín de los átomos. Trabajar con átomos sensibles al campo magnético desencadenó la necesidad de desarrollar una técnica pare medir el vector del campo magnético. Hemos demostrado un magnetómetro rápido, óptico, tri-axial que utiliza átomos de 87Rb atrapados ópticamente como sensor. Midiendo el decaimiento libre de la inducción (FID) a través de la rotación de Faraday con pulsos casi-resonantes obtenemos las tres componentes del campo así como una componente del gradiente. Una única medida está limitada por shot-noise y sensible en el rango sub-nT en 1 mili segundo, con una resolución espacial transversa de 20 micrómetros. En el cuerpo de la tesis estudiamos con detalle la sensibilidad en el límite shot-noise. Reducimos la entropía en un conjunto de átomos fríos con medidas y feedback. Utilizando medidas cuánticas no destructivas con la rotación de Faraday, y aplicando un leve feedback por bombeo óptico, llevamos la distribución inicial aleatoria de la variable colectiva de espín F hacia el origen de coordenadas F = 0. Utilizando relaciones de entrada-salida y modelos colectivos de ruido cuántico para describir la interacción identificamos como rutina óptima repetir el proceso de medir y feedback dos veces. Experimentalmente observamos 12 dB de reducción del ruido del espín, o una reducción en el espacio de fases de un factor 63. Éste método ofrece un procedimiento no térmico para la generación de estados entrelazados exóticos en gases ultrafríos, incluyendo un estado de singlete macroscópico y estados fuertemente correlacionados en quantum lattice gases. Generamos aproximadamente estados singlete utilizando los recursos que inducen spin squeezing: medidas no destructivas y rotaciones magnéticas coherentes. Al reducir el ruido en las tres componentes del espín, nos acercamos al cero ruido de espín. Utilizando un conjunto de átomos fríos de Rubidio y rotaciones de Faraday casi-resonantes, hemos observado hasta 3 dB de squeezing relativos al límite cuántico estándar, y una violación de la generalización de la desigualdad para spin squeezing de más de 5 desviaciones estándar.