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arXiv:1401.7353 · New Journal of Physics

Strong squeezing via phonon mediated spontaneous generation of photon pairs

Kenan Qu, G. S. Agarwal

Published Oct 30, 2014• 19 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We propose a scheme for generating squeezed light by using a double-cavity optomechanical system driven by a blue detuned laser in one cavity and by a red detuned laser in the other.This double-cavity system is shown to effectively mimic an interaction that is similar to the one for a downconverter, which is known to be a source of strong squeezing for light fields.There are however distinctions, as the phonons which lead to such an interaction can contribute to the quantum noise.We show that squeezing of the output fields, of the order of 10 dB, can be achieved even for an effective mechanical mode occupation number of about 4, which for the chosen parameters corresponds to 10 mK.Our results are generic and applicable to a wide class of electromechanical and optomechanical systems involving the interaction of two electromagnetic modes and one mechanical mode.

DOI
10.1088/1367-2630/16/11/113004

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We propose a scheme for generating squeezed light by using a double-cavity optomechanical system driven by a blue detuned laser in one cavity and by a red detuned laser in the other.This double-cavity system is shown to effectively mimic an interaction that is similar to the one for a downconverter, which is known to be a source of strong squeezing for light fields.There are however distinctions, as the phonons which lead to such an interaction can contribute to the quantum noise.We show that squeezing of the output fields, of the order of 10 dB, can be achieved even for an effective mechanical mode occupation number of about 4, which for the chosen parameters corresponds to 10 mK.Our results are generic and applicable to a wide class of electromechanical and optomechanical systems involving the interaction of two electromagnetic modes and one mechanical mode.
The generation of two-mode broadband squeezed light is investigated in cascading double-cavity optomechanical systems. The cavities are driven by amplitude-modulated lasers with two frequency tones, one of which is red detuning and other blue detuning from the cavity fields. It is shown that a two-mode squeezed field can be generated in a single double-cavity system via dissipation of the mechanical resonator. To generate broadband and strong squeezing of the cavity fields, many identical double-cavity optomechanical systems are connected together in a cascading way. The vacuum noise fed into the cavities and the thermal noise coupled to the mechanical resonator can be greatly depressed in the cascading system. As a result, the very strong and constant squeezing can be achieved in a large frequency range when the number of cascaded optomechanical systems becomes large.
In this paper, we consider the generation of mechanical squeezed states and single-phonon Fock states, respectively, by homodyne detection and photon subtraction in a dissipative or dispersive optomechanical system under the situation that the cavity linewidth ${\ensuremath{\kappa}}_{c}$ is much larger than the mechanical frequency ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{m}$. We at first show that strong mechanical squeezing beyond the 3-dB limit can be achieved by homodyning the filtered cavity output field in a purely dispersive or purely dissipative optomechanical system for ${\ensuremath{\kappa}}_{c}\ensuremath{\gg}{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{m}$, while the combination of the two kinds of coupling can also effectively enhance the mechanical squeezing. We next show that in these optomechanical systems, mechanical single-phonon states with high fidelity can be generated via photon subtraction on the filtered cavity output field in the regimes of weak optomechanical entanglement and ${\ensuremath{\kappa}}_{c}\ensuremath{\gg}{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{m}$. It is found that the single-phonon Fock state via purely dissipative optomechanical coupling is attainable in the blue-detuned regime, whereas it is present in the red-detuned regime by purely dispersive optomechanical coupling. In addition, the effects of thermal fluctuations on the mechanical squeezing and the negativity of the Wigner function of the mechanical single-phonon states are also studied. It is shown that the Gaussian squeezing is much more robust against decohering thermal fluctuations than the non-Gaussian nonclassicality.
We experimentally demonstrate a source of squeezed light featuring simultaneous ponderomotive squeezing from two mechanical modes of an optomechanical system. We use ultra-coherent vibrational modes (Q factors on the order of 108) of a soft-clamped membrane placed in a Fabry–Pérot optical cavity at cryogenic conditions (T=11K) to create correlations between amplitude and phase quadratures of the light field. As a result of the interaction between the membrane position and the light, we generated ponderomotive squeezing of 4.8dB for the first localized mechanical mode at 1.32MHz and 4.2dB for the second localized mode at 2.43MHz, as observed in direct detection when correcting for the detection inefficiency. Thus, we have demonstrated that by leveraging more than one quantum-limited mechanical mode, optomechanical squeezed light generation can be extended to dual-band operation with an ample band separation of about an octave. Utilizing homodyne detection to detect squeezing in an optimal quadrature would lead to squeezing levels at the output of the cavity of 7.3 dB and 6.8 dB, in the two modes, respectively. Squeezing of light demonstrated here for near-infrared light can be achieved in a broad range of wavelengths due to the relative insensitivity of optomechanical interaction with SiN membranes to the wavelength. The demonstrated dual-band squeezing can be linked to the generation of two photon–phonon entangled mode pairs, suggesting that our system, viewed as an entanglement source, is more resource-efficient than single-mode optomechanics.
A scheme to achieve strong quantum squeezing of a mechanical resonator in a membrane-in-the-middle optomechanical system is developed. To this end, simultaneous linear and nonlinear coupling between the mechanical resonator and the cavity modes is applied. A two-tone driving light field, comprising unequal red-detuned and blue-detuned sidebands, helps in generating a coherent feedback force through the linear coupling with the membrane resonator. Another driving light field with its amplitude modulated at twice the mechanical frequency drives the mechanical parametric amplification through a second-order coupling with the resonator. The combined effect produces strong quantum squeezing of the mechanical state. The proposed scheme is quite robust to excess second-order coupling observed in coherent feedback operations and can suppress the fluctuations in the mechanical quadrature to far below the zero point and achieve strong squeezing (greater than 10 dB) for realistic parameters.
Quantum squeezing is an important resource in modern quantum technologies, such as quantum precision measurement and continuous-variable quantum information processing. The generation of squeezed states of mechanical modes is a significant task in cavity optomechanics. Motivated by recent interest in multimode optomechanics, it becomes an interesting topic to create quadrature squeezing in multiple mechanical resonators. However, in the multiple-degenerate-mechanical-mode optomechanical systems, the dark-mode effect strongly suppresses the quantum effects in mechanical modes. Here we study the generation of mechanical squeezing in a two-mechanical-mode optomechanical system by breaking the dark-mode effect with the synthetic-gauge-field method. We find that, when the mechanical modes work at a finite temperature, the mechanical squeezing is weak or even disappears due to the dark-mode effect, while the strong mechanical squeezing can be generated once the dark-mode effect is broken. In particular, the thermal-phonon-occupation tolerance of the mechanical squeezing is approximately three orders of magnitude larger than that without breaking the dark-mode effect. We also generalize this method to break the dark modes and to create the mechanical squeezing in multiple-mechanical-mode optomechanical systems. Our results describe a general physical mechanism and pave the way towards the generation of noise-resistant quantum resources.
Quantum squeezing plays a crucial role in enhancing the precision of quantum metrology and improving the efficiency of quantum information processing protocols. We thus propose a scheme to amplify two-mode squeezing in nanomechanical resonators, harnessing parametric amplification and two-tone laser controls. The red-detuned laser drives facilitate the cooling of the nanomechanical resonators down to their ground state and allow optimal quantum state transfer in the weak-coupling, resolved sideband regime. In particular, the competing blue-detuned lasers in the driving pairs induce displacement squeezing in mechanical resonators. Thus, the quantum state transfer of the squeezing in nanomechanical resonators and the intracavity correlated photons of the parametric amplifier significantly enhance the two-mode mechanical squeezing. Notably, increasing the coupling strength of the red detuned laser and the ratio of blue-to-red detuned laser dramatically amplifies the two-mode mechanical squeezing under realistic experiment parameters of a typical optomechanical system. Our findings reveal that the proposed cooperative mechanism effectively enhances the level of two-mode mechanical squeezing with a considerable improvement and demonstrates exceptional resilience to thermal noise.