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arXiv:1401.4867 · Physical Review A

Full characterization of a highly multimode entangled state embedded in an optical frequency comb using pulse shaping

R. Medeiros de Araújo, Jonathan Roslund, Yin Cai, Giulia Ferrini, Claude Fabre, Nicolas Treps

Published May 27, 2014• 84 citations
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Abstract

An in-depth analysis of the correlation and entanglement properties of an optical frequency comb produced by a synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillator is presented, providing a unique capability for the continued development of specialized quantum networks within highly multimode structures.
DOI
10.1103/physreva.89.053828

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We present a detailed analysis of the multimode quantum state embedded in an optical frequency comb generated by a synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillator (SPOPO) [J.Roslund, R. Medeiros de Araújo, S. Jiang, C. Fabre, and N. Treps, Nat. Photon. 8, 109 (2014)].The full covariance matrix of the state is obtained with homodyne detection where the local oscillator is spectrally controlled with pulse-shaping techniques.The resulting matrix reveals genuine multipartite entanglement.Additionally, the beam is comprised of several independent eigenmodes that correspond to specific pulse shapes.The experimental data is confirmed with numerical simulations.Finally, the potential to create continuous-variable cluster states from the quantum comb is analyzed.Multiple cluster states are shown to be simultaneously embedded in the SPOPO state, and these states can be revealed by a suitable basis change applied to the measured covariance matrix.
Multimode nonclassical states of light are an essential resource in quantum computation with continuous variables, for example, in cluster state computation. We report in this Letter the first experimental evidence of a multimode nonclassical frequency comb in a femtosecond synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillator. In addition to a global reduction of its quantum intensity fluctuations, the system features quantum correlations between different parts of its frequency spectrum. This allows us to show that the frequency comb is composed of several uncorrelated eigenmodes having specific spectral shapes, two of them at least being squeezed, and to characterize their spectral shapes.
Multimode nonclassical states of light are an essential resource in quantum computation with continuous variables [1]. They can be generated either by mixing different squeezed light sources using linear optical operations [2], or directly in a multimode optical device [3, 4]. Synchronously Pumped Optical Parametric Oscillators (SPOPO) — which correspond to an OPO pumped by a train of ultrashort pulses that are synchronized with the cavity round-trip time — have been theoretically shown to be promising devices for the generation of multimode nonclassical frequency combs, since a SPOPO is a sole optical cavity acting as an assembly of independent squeezers in a particular basis called the supermodes basis [5]. The supermodes are optical frequency combs with specific spectrum and phase profiles that are determined by the length of the intracavity nonlinear crystal and the pulse shape of the pump.
Entanglement among multiple modes is a necessary resource in the field of quantum information technology. In this context, frequency comb sources of femtosecond pulsed light represent a useful resource, with approximately 10^5 individual frequency modes across the pulse bandwidth and it has been recently shown that a synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillator (SPOPO) can generate highly multimode nonclassical states of light. A high degree of control over the mode structure of the output can thus be achieved by shaping the spectral mode of the pump beam using a pulse shaper. The SPOPO setup is also a promising platform for the simulation of quantum optical networks. Energy exchanges have been characterized for several models of networks via the measurement of the spectral density function and the observation of quantum non-Markovian behavior.