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arXiv:1401.1566 · Journal of the Korean Physical Society

Internal energy density of the critical three-state Potts model on the kagome lattice

Seung Ki Baek, Harri Mäkelä

Published Sep 1, 2013• 1 citation
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Abstract

The internal energy density of the Potts model on a semi-infinite strip with a width L has been conjectured to have no finite-size corrections at the critical point K = K c . By factorizing the transfer matrix for the kagome lattice with larger widths, we have found that this conjecture is not correct in that the internal energy density varies slightly with L at the critical point. From this size dependence of the internal energy density, we obtain an upper bound as K c < 1.0565615, which is close to a recent estimate K JS = 1.0565600(7) by Jacobsen and Scullard [J. Phys. A 45, 494003 (2012)]. We also obtain a lower bound as K c > 1.0560 by calculating the correlation length along the strips.

DOI
10.3938/jkps.63.1167

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The internal energy density of the Potts model on a semi-infinite strip with a width L has been conjectured to have no finite-size corrections at the critical point K = K c . By factorizing the transfer matrix for the kagome lattice with larger widths, we have found that this conjecture is not correct in that the internal energy density varies slightly with L at the critical point. From this size dependence of the internal energy density, we obtain an upper bound as K c < 1.0565615, which is close to a recent estimate K JS = 1.0565600(7) by Jacobsen and Scullard [J. Phys. A 45, 494003 (2012)]. We also obtain a lower bound as K c > 1.0560 by calculating the correlation length along the strips.
The value of the internal energy per spin is independent of the strip width for a certain class of spin systems on two-dimensional infinite strips. It is verified that the Ising model on the kagome lattice belongs to this class through an exact transfer-matrix calculation of the internal energy for the two smallest widths. More generally, one can suggest an upper bound for the critical coupling strength K(c)(q) for the q-state Potts model from exact calculations of the internal energy for the two smallest strip widths. Combining this with the corresponding calculation for the dual lattice and using an exact duality relation enables us to conjecture the critical coupling strengths for the three- and four-state Potts models on the kagome lattice. The values are K(c)(q=3)=1.0565094269290 and K(c)(q=4)=1.1493605872292, and the values can, in principle, be obtained to an arbitrary precision. We discuss the fact that these values are in the middle of earlier approximate results and furthermore differ from earlier conjectures for the exact values.
The determination of the critical point of the q -state Potts model on the Kagomé lattices has been an outstanding unsolved problem. Here we study this problem by regarding the Potts model as generating correlated bond percolations. By applying a combination of Monte Carlo renormalization group and finite-size scaling analyses to the percolation problem, numerical estimates with an accuracy of are obtained for the Kagomé critical point for q = 1,2,3,4. Our results for q = 1 are consistent with a recent highly accurate numerical estimate by Ziff and Suding, and results for q = 2 agree with the known exact result within the numerical accuracy. Compared with results obtained in a recent series analysis by Jensen et al , our numbers differ from theirs slightly for q = 3, and agree with theirs with a slightly better accuracy for q = 4. Our numbers also confirm that a conjecture due to Wu is extremely accurate.
We investigate the finite-temperature corrections to scaling in the three-state square-lattice Potts antiferromagnet, close to the critical point at T=0. Numerical diagonalization of the transfer matrix on semi-infinite strips of width L sites, 4 < or = L < or = 14, yields finite-size estimates of the corresponding scaled gaps, which are extrapolated to L --> infinity. Owing to the characteristics of the quantities under study, we argue that the natural variable to consider is x identical with L e(-2 beta). For the extrapolated scaled gaps we show that square-root corrections, in the variable x, are present, and provide estimates for the numerical values of the amplitudes of the first- and second-order correction terms, for both the first and second scaled gaps. We also calculate the third scaled gap of the transfer matrix spectrum at T=0, and find an extrapolated value of the decay-of-correlations exponent, eta(3)=2.00(1). This is at odds with earlier predictions, to the effect that the third relevant operator in the problem would give eta(P(stagg))=3, corresponding to the staggered polarization.
An energy curve family for a semi-infinite square lattice (l × ∞) of the q-state Potts model with periodic boundary conditions has an l-independent common fixed point, which gives the exact critical values of the coupling parameter K = J/kJ and the internal energy E(K), as a natural consequence of the self-dual property of the model. An energy curve intersection procedure (ECIP) is proposed to find the critical properties of the Potts model through numerical investigation of the transfer matrix. The ECIP shows that the lattices (l × ∞) for two different small values of l can reproduce the transition temperature and the critical internal energy of the bulk lattice (∞ × ∞) without use of the duality argument. As an applicable example of the ECIP, a semi-infinite simple cubic lattice (l × m × ∞) of the Potts model is preliminarily studied to obtain approximate critical quantities of the layer lattice (l × ∞ × ∞). A brief comment on the specific heat exponent μ estimated using the ECIP is added.
A critical dilute O(n) model on the kagome lattice is investigated analytically and numerically. We employ a number of exact equivalences which, in a few steps, link the critical O(n) spin model on the kagome lattice to the exactly solvable critical q-state Potts model on the honeycomb lattice with q=(n+1)2. The intermediate steps involve the random-cluster model on the honeycomb lattice and a fully packed loop model with loop weight n'=sqrt(q) and a dilute loop model with loop weight n , both on the kagome lattice. This mapping enables the determination of a branch of critical points of the dilute O(n) model, as well as some of its critical properties. These properties differ from those of the generic O(n) critical points. For n=0, our model reproduces the known universal properties of the theta point describing the collapse of a polymer. For n not equal 0 it displays a line of multicritical points, with the same universal behavior as a branch of critical points that was found earlier in a dilute O(n) model on the square lattice. These findings are supported by a finite-size-scaling analysis in combination with transfer-matrix calculations.