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arXiv:1401.1098

Kinematic relativity of quantum Hamiltonian

Gintautas Kamuntavičius

Published Jan 6, 2014• 1 citation
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Abstract

It is shown that the well-known relativistic correction of quantum Hamiltonian that is present in textbooks appears after quantization of oversimplified relativistic kinetic energy decomposition. Using the proper expression one obtains the kinetic energy operator which relation with the ususal one is consistent with corresponding relation of kinetic energies in special relativity theory. The Schrödinger equation with this operator gives new interesting possibilities for quantum phenomena description.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1401.1098

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It is shown that the well-known relativistic correction of quantum Hamiltonian that is present in textbooks appears after quantization of oversimplified relativistic kinetic energy decomposition. Using the proper expression one obtains the kinetic energy operator which relation with the ususal one is consistent with corresponding relation of kinetic energies in special relativity theory. The Schrödinger equation with this operator gives new interesting possibilities for quantum phenomena description.
After analyzing Dirac's equation, one can suggest that a well-known quantum-mechanical momentum operator is associated with relativistic momentum, rather than with non-relativistic one. Consideration of relativistic energy and momentum expressions allows us to define the non-relativistic, relativistic and pseudo-relativistic (present in Schrödinger equation) kinetic energy operators. Consequences of kinetic energy operator's correction for spectra of basic quantum Hamiltonians are investigated. In some cases this correction can produce remarkable spectra modifications.
An investigation of origins of the quantum mechanical momentum operator has shown that it corresponds to the nonrelativistic momentum of classical special relativity theory rather than the relativistic one, as has been unconditionally believed in traditional relativistic quantum mechanics until now. Taking this correspondence into account, relativistic momentum and energy operators are defined. Schrödinger equations with relativistic kinematics are introduced and investigated for a free particle and a particle trapped in the deep potential well.
The free relativistic particle, by definition, has to move in an inertial reference frame with uniform velocity less than the speed of light. The corresponding movement of a material quantum particle describes a wave packet, composed of matter waves—solutions of the Schr?dinger equation. The maximum of packet, corresponding to the largest probability to find the particle, has to move with the same uniform velocity, defined by the initial condition. It has been shown that the traditional definition of the quantum momentum operator i.e. taking it to correspond to the special relativity theory, relativistic momentum, cannot produce precise description of a relativistic matter particle. Different definitions are investigated and one that solves this issue is found. Obtained original expression of relativistic kinetic energy operator creates new possibilities for relativistic quantum systems theory.
In general, it is well known that the Schrödinger equation is not compatible with special relativity theory to a necessary extent.Thus far, there are already several trials to formulate versions of the Schrödinger equation to ensure compatibility with special relativity theory, the Klein-Gordon-equation or the Dirac equation are some of these attempts.Material and Methods: In this paper, Einstein's relativistic energy momentum relation is re-analyzed, a normalized relativistic energy momentum relation is derived.The derived normalized relativistic energy momentum relation together with the known Schrödinger equation is used as a starting point to establish a wave equation consistent with special relativity theory.Results: In this publication, based on Einstein's relativistic energy momentum relation, the historical problem of the "particle-wave-duality" is solved.Furthermore, a special relativity theory consistent wave equation is derived.
In this paper, we examine quantum systems with relativistic dynamics. We show that for a successful description of these systems, the application of Galilei invariant nonrelativistic Hamiltonian is necessary. To modify this Hamiltonian to relativistic dynamics, we require precise relativistic kinetic energy operators instead of nonrelativistic ones for every internal (Jacobi) coordinate. Finally, we introduce and investigate the Schrödinger equation with relativistic dynamics for two-particle systems with harmonic oscillator and Coulomb potentials.
Starting with a very basic statement that any physical constants cannot be written with an infinite precision, it is shown how to introduce this uncertainty into the Hamiltonian of non-relativistic atomic (NR) physics and how to estimate errors on quantum operators (energy, frequency, momenta) when an uncertainty is assigned to . The Schrödinger equation is written and the kinetic energy term is transformed into a Laplacian: . This transformation leads (as known since 1926) to the wave equation, whose solutions are wave functions. The relativity correction to the kinetic energy term is introduced and its effect is discussed. (h constant has an uncertainty value taken from CODATA.)