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arXiv:1310.5737 · Journal of Mathematical Physics

A squeeze-like operator approach to position-dependent mass in quantum mechanics

H. M. Moya-Cessa, Francisco Soto, Demetrios N. Christodoulides

Published Jul 24, 2014• 8 citations
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Abstract

We provide a squeeze-like transformation that allows one to remove a position dependent mass from the Hamiltonian. Methods to solve the Schrödinger equation may then be applied to find the respective eigenvalues and eigenfunctions. As an example, we consider a position-dependent-mass that leads to the integrable Morse potential and therefore to well-known solutions.

DOI
10.1063/1.4890462

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We provide a squeeze-like transformation that allows one to remove a position dependent mass from the Hamiltonian. Methods to solve the Schrödinger equation may then be applied to find the respective eigenvalues and eigenfunctions. As an example, we consider a position-dependent-mass that leads to the integrable Morse potential and therefore to well-known solutions.
In the framework of the position-dependent mass quantum mechanics, the three dimensional Schrödinger equation is studied by applying the Laplace transforms combining with the point canonical transforms. For the potential analogues to Morse potential and via the Pekeris approximation, we introduce the general solutions appropriate for any kind of position dependent mass profile which obeys a key condition. For a specific position-dependent mass profile, the bound state solutions are obtained through an analytical form. The constant mass solutions are also relived.
Considering the position-dependent effective mass in the study of quantum mechanical systems, a wide range of solvable potentials has been obtained. These potentials are obtained by applying canonical transformations to the Schrödinger equation. In this method, the internal functions introduced by Levai for solvable potentials with constant mass have been used, and the eigenfunctions and eigenvalues have been fully obtained. The eigenfunction of these solvable potentials can be obtained based on specific known functions (Jacobian, generalized Laguerre, and Hermit polynomials). Some of these potentials are Scarf-II, Pöschl-Teller, Rosen-Mörse-II and Eckart, whose applications have been described in physical systems. Finally, all the results are placed in a table and the figures of the desired functions is drawn for specific values
The position dependent mass Schrödinger equation (PDMSE) has a wide range of quantum applications such as the study of semiconductors, quantum wells, quantum dots and impurities in crystals, among many others. On the other hand, the Morse potential is one of the most important potential models used to study the electronic properties of diatomic molecules. In this work, the solution of the effective mass one-dimensional Schrödinger equation for the Morse potential is presented. This is done by means of the canonical transformation method in algebraic form. The PDMSE is solved for any model of the proposed kinetic energy operators as for example the BenDaniel-Duke, Gora-Williams, Zhu-Kroemer or Li-Kuhn. Also, in order to solve the PDMSE with Morse potential, we consider a superpotential leading to a special form of the exactly solvable Schrödinger equation of constant mass for a class of multiparameter exponential-type potential along with a proper mass distribution. The proposed approach is general and can be applied in the search of new potentials suitable on science of materials by looking into the viable choices of the mass function.
Using the coordinate transformation method, we solve the one-dimensional Schrödinger equation with position-dependent mass. The explicit expressions for the potentials, energy eigenvalues, and eigenfunctions of the systems are given. The eigenfunctions can be expressed in terms of the Jacobi, Hermite, and generalized Laguerre polynomials. All potentials for these solvable systems have an extra term V m , which is produced from the dependence of mass on the position, compared with those for the systems of constant mass. The properties of V m for several mass functions are discussed.