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arXiv:1309.2607 · Physical Review A

Mode invisibility and single-photon detection

Marvellous Onuma-Kalu, Robert B. Mann, Eduardo Martín-Martínez

Published Dec 10, 2013• 8 citations
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Abstract

We propose a technique to probe the quantum state of light in an optical cavity without significantly altering it. We minimize the interaction of the probe with the field by arranging a setting where the largest contribution to the transition probability is canceled. We show that we obtain a very good resolution to measure photon population differences between two given Fock states by means of atomic interferometry.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.88.063824

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We propose a technique to probe the quantum state of light in an optical cavity without significantly altering it. We minimize the interaction of the probe with the field by arranging a setting where the largest contribution to the transition probability is canceled. We show that we obtain a very good resolution to measure photon population differences between two given Fock states by means of atomic interferometry.
A two-photon Fock state is prepared in a cavity sustaining a "source mode" and a "target mode," with a single circular Rydberg atom. In a third-order Raman process, the atom emits a photon in the target while scattering one photon from the source into the target. The final two-photon state is probed by measuring by Ramsey interferometry the cavity light shifts induced by the target field on the same atom. Extensions to other multiphoton processes and to a new type of micromaser are briefly discussed.
This paper contains a theoretical treatment of a scheme for determining phase-dependent features of a single mode of quantized light fields in general states. The proposal involves using a three-level atom, in a cascade configuration, as a detector. The cascade atom, which is on two-photon resonance with the field, is prepared in a coherent superposition of the upper and lower levels, and detection involves measuring the probability of the cascade atom being in the upper level. The results depend on the phase difference between the amplitudes for the field being in N and N + 2 photon states in the number state basis, and are important in describing nonclassical states, such as squeezed and Schrödinger cat states. The analysis is based on a standard dressed atom model approach and a Fourier treatment of the measured signal. The experimental possibilities of realizing this scheme are also discussed.
We present various schemes for measuring the quantum state of a single mode of the electromagnetic field. These involve measuring the photon statistics for the mode before and after an interaction with either one or two two-level atoms. The photon statistics conditioned on the final state of the atoms, for two choices of the initial set of atomic states, along with the initial photon statistics, may be used to calculate the complete quantum state in a simple manner. Alternatively, when one atom is used, two unconditioned sets of photon statistics, each after interaction with a single atom in different initial states, along with the initial photon statistics may be used to calculate the initial state in a simple manner. When the cavity is allowed to interact with just one atom, only pure cavity states which do not contain zeros in the photon distribution may be reconstructed. When two atoms are used we may reconstruct pure states which do not contain adjacent zeros in the photon distribution. Coherent states and number states are among those that may be measured with one-atom interaction, and squeezed states and ‚Schrödinger cats‘ are among those that may be measured with a two-atom interaction.