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arXiv:1309.1379 · Nature Photonics

Experimental three-photon quantum nonlocality under strict locality conditions

Chris Erven, Evan Meyer-Scott, Kent Bonsma-Fisher, Jonathan Lavoie, Brendon L. Higgins, Zhizhong Yan, Christopher J. Pugh, J.-P. Bourgoin, Robert Prevedel, Lynden K. Shalm, Les Richards, Nikolay Gigov, Raymond Laflamme, Gregor Weihs, Thomas D. Jennewein, Kevin J. Resch

Published Mar 21, 2014• 129 citations
arXivHTMLPDF
DOI
10.1038/nphoton.2014.50

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Nonlocality captures one of the counterintuitive features of nature that defies classical intuition. Recent investigations reveal that our physical world's nonlocality is at least tripartite; i.e., genuinely tripartite nonlocal correlations in nature cannot be reproduced by any causal theory involving bipartite nonclassical resources and unlimited shared randomness. Here, by allowing the fair sampling assumption and postselection, we experimentally demonstrate such genuine tripartite nonlocality in a network under strict locality constraints that are ensured by spacelike separating all relevant events and employing fast quantum random number generators and high-speed polarization measurements. In particular, for a photonic quantum triangular network we observe a locality-loophole-free violation of the Bell-type inequality by 7.57 standard deviations for a postselected tripartite Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state of fidelity (93.13±0.24)%, which convincingly disproves the possibility of simulating genuine tripartite nonlocality by bipartite nonlocal resources with globally shared randomness.
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We experimentally investigate nonlocal contextual relations between complementary photon polarizations by adapting the entanglement and the local polarizations of a two-photon state to satisfy three deterministic conditions demonstrating both quantum contextuality and nonlocality. The key component of this adaptive input state control is the variable degree of entanglement of the photon-pair source. Local polarization rotations can optimize two of the three correlations, and the variation of the entanglement optimizes the third correlation. Our results demonstrate that quantum contextuality is based on a nontrivial trade-off between local complementarity and quantum correlations.