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arXiv:2306.06831 · Physical Review A

Quantum contextuality of complementary photon polarizations explored by adaptive input state control

Kengo Matsuyama, Ming Ji, Holger Friedrich Hofmann, M. Iinuma

Published Dec 15, 2023• 2 citations
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Abstract

We experimentally investigate nonlocal contextual relations between complementary photon polarizations by adapting the entanglement and the local polarizations of a two-photon state to satisfy three deterministic conditions demonstrating both quantum contextuality and nonlocality. The key component of this adaptive input state control is the variable degree of entanglement of the photon-pair source. Local polarization rotations can optimize two of the three correlations, and the variation of the entanglement optimizes the third correlation. Our results demonstrate that quantum contextuality is based on a nontrivial trade-off between local complementarity and quantum correlations.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.108.062213

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We experimentally investigate nonlocal contextual relations between complementary photon polarizations by adapting the entanglement and the local polarizations of a two-photon state to satisfy three deterministic conditions demonstrating both quantum contextuality and nonlocality. The key component of this adaptive input state control is the variable degree of entanglement of the photon-pair source. Local polarization rotations can optimize two of the three correlations, and the variation of the entanglement optimizes the third correlation. Our results demonstrate that quantum contextuality is based on a nontrivial trade-off between local complementarity and quantum correlations.
Quantum contextuality is a nonintuitive property of quantum mechanics that distinguishes it from any classical theory. A complementary quantum property is quantum nonlocality, which is an essential resource for many quantum information tasks. Here we experimentally study the contextual and nonlocal properties of polarization biphotons. First, we investigate the ability of the biphotons to exhibit contextuality by testing the violation of the Klyachko-Can-Binicio\ifmmode \breve{g}\else \u{g}\fi{}lu-Shumovsky (KCBS) inequality. In order to do so, we used the original protocol suggested in the KCBS paper and adjusted it to the real scenario, where some of the biphotons are distinguishable. Second, we transmitted the biphotons through different unital channels with a controlled amount of noise. We measured the decohered output states and demonstrated that the ability to exhibit quantum contextuality using the KCBS inequality is more fragile to noise than the ability to exhibit nonlocality.
Quantum nonlocality can be revealed ``via local contextuality'' in qudit-qudit entangled systems with d>2d>2d>2, that is, through the violation of inequalities containing Alice-Bob correlations that admit a local description, and Alice-Alice correlations (between the results of sequences of measurements on Alice's subsystem) that admit a local (but contextual) description. A fundamental question to understand the respective roles of entanglement and local contextuality is whether nonlocality via local contextuality exists when the parties have only qubit-qubit entanglement. Here we respond affirmatively to this question. This result further clarifies the connection between contextuality and nonlocality and opens the door for observing nonlocality via local contextuality in actual experiments.
Nonlocality is arguably among the most counterintuitive phenomena predicted by quantum theory. In recent years, the development of an abstract theory of nonlocality has brought a much deeper understanding of the subject, revealing a rich and complex phenomenon. In the current work, we present a systematic experimental exploration of the limits of quantum nonlocality. Using a versatile and high-fidelity source of pairs of polarization-entangled photons, we explore the boundary of quantum correlations, demonstrate the counterintuitive effect of more nonlocality with less entanglement, present the most nonlocal correlations ever reported, and achieve quantum correlations requiring the use of complex qubits. All of our results are in remarkable agreement with quantum predictions, and thus represent a thorough test of quantum theory. Pursuing such an approach is nevertheless highly desirable, as any deviation may provide evidence of new physics beyond the quantum model.
Nonlocality is arguably among the most counterintuitive phenomena predicted by quantum theory.In recent years, the development of an abstract theory of nonlocality has brought a much deeper understanding of the subject, revealing a rich and complex phenomenon.In the current work, we present a systematic experimental exploration of the limits of quantum nonlocality.Using a versatile and high-fidelity source of pairs of polarization-entangled photons, we explore the boundary of quantum correlations, demonstrate the counterintuitive effect of more nonlocality with less entanglement, present the most nonlocal correlations ever reported, and achieve quantum correlations requiring the use of complex qubits.All of our results are in remarkable agreement with quantum predictions, and thus represent a thorough test of quantum theory.Pursuing such an approach is nevertheless highly desirable, as any deviation may provide evidence of new physics beyond the quantum model.