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arXiv:1308.3250 · Journal of Physics A Mathematical and Theoretical

On the integrability of zero-range chipping models with factorized steady states

Alexander M. Povolotsky

Published Nov 1, 2013• 113 citations
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Abstract

Conditions of integrability of general zero range chipping models with factorized steady state, which were proposed in [Evans, Majumdar, Zia 2004 J. Phys. A 37 L275], are examined. We find a three-parametric family of hopping probabilities for the models solvable by the Bethe ansatz, which includes most of known integrable stochastic particle models as limiting cases. The solution is based on the quantum binomial formula for two elements of an associative algebra obeying generic homogeneous quadratic relations, which is proved as a byproduct. We use the Bethe ansatz to solve an eigenproblem for the transition matrix of the Markov process. On its basis we conjecture an integral formula for the Green function of evolution operator for the model on an infinite lattice and derive the Bethe equations for the spectrum of the model on a ring.

DOI
10.1088/1751-8113/46/46/465205

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Integrable models are physical models for which some quantities can be exactly obtained, without use of perturbation theory. Those very special models are source of an increasing interest in theoretical physics. The direct applications in condensed matter physics and the subtle links evidenced more recently with some supersymmetric gauges theories motivated the development of complex mathematical tools. Among these, Bethe ansatz played an important role, and provides an efficient approach for diagonalizing a lot of models of various nature. The first chapter of this thesis is devoted to the introduction to the two approaches of the Bethe ansatz, said “coordinate” and “algebraic”, in the context of the XXX Heisenberg spin chain and a continuous spin generalization of the Totally Asymmetric Simple Exclusion Process, the so called Zero-range Chipping model with factorized steady state (ZCM). The second chapter is devoted to the Modified Algebraic Bethe Ansatz in the context of the periodic XXX chain. This modified ansatz is proposed for solving the spectral problem of the open spin chain, for which the usual ansatz fails. The scalar product of the obtained modified Bethe states is studied. The third chapter concerns the resolution of the identity and the inverse functional problem. An expression for the spin states in terms of Bethe states est presented for the ZCM, and an expression for the resolution of the identity in term of Bethe states for the infinite XXZ chain is proved, involving in both cases the contribution of bound states. At last, the fourth chapter concerns determinant representations in the Bethe ansatz. An expression for the “matrix elements of the particle number operator” for the delta-Bose gas in terms of a determinant is proved, and some integral representations for the Izergin-Korepin and Slavnov determinants are investigated, then establishing a new formal link between these two determinant representations.
The eigenfunctions and eigenvalues of the master equation for zero-range process with totally asymmetric dynamics on a ring are found exactly using the Bethe ansatz weighted with the stationary weights of particle configurations. The Bethe ansatz applicability requires the rates of hopping of particles out of a site to be the q numbers [n](q). This is a generalization of the rates of hopping of noninteracting particles equal to the occupation number n of a site of departure. The noninteracting case can be restored in the limit q-->1. The limiting cases of the model for q=0, infinity correspond to the totally asymmetric exclusion process, and the drop-push model, respectively. We analyze the partition function of the model and apply the Bethe ansatz to evaluate the generating function of the total distance traveled by particles at large time in the scaling limit. In case of nonzero interaction, q not equal 1, the generating function has the universal scaling form specific for the Kardar-Parizi-Zhang universality class.
We present a brief review on integrability of multispecies zero range process in one dimension introduced recently.The topics range over stochastic R matrices of quantum affine algebra U q A (1) n , matrix product construction of stationary states for periodic systems, q-boson representation of Zamolodchikov-Faddeev algebra, etc.We also introduce new commuting Markov transfer matrices having a mixed boundary condition and prove the factorization of a family of R matrices associated with the tetrahedron equation and generalized quantum groups at a special point of the spectral parameter.
We consider a three-dimensional (3D) lattice model associated with the intertwiner of the quantized coordinate ring Aq(sl3)A_q(sl_3)Aq​(sl3​), and introduce a family of layer to layer transfer matrices on m×nm\times nm×n square lattice. By using the tetrahedron equation we derive their commutativity and bilinear relations mixing various boundary conditions. At q=0q=0q=0 and m=nm=nm=n, they lead to a new proof of the steady state probability of the nnn-species totally asymmetric zero range process obtained recently by the authors, revealing the 3D integrability in the matrix product construction.
We propose a dynamical matrix product ansatz describing the stochastic dynamics of two species of particles with excluded-volume interaction and the quantum mechanics of the associated quantum spin chains, respectively. The time-dependent algebra which is obtained from the action of the Markov generator of the exclusion process (or quantum Hamiltonian of the spin chain, respectively) is given in terms of a set of quadratic relations. By analysing the permutation consistency of the induced cubic relations, we obtain sufficient conditions on the hopping rates (i.e. the quantum mechanical interaction constants) which allow us to identify integrable models. From the dynamical algebra we construct the quadratic algebra of Zamolodchikov type, the associativity of which is a Yang–Baxter equation. We also obtain directly from the dynamical matrix product ansatz the Bethe ansatz equations for the spectra of these models.