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arXiv:1308.0259 · Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Reservoir engineering of a mechanical resonator: generating a macroscopic superposition state and monitoring its decoherence

Muhammad Asjad, David Vitali

Published Jan 28, 2014• 34 citations
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Abstract

A deterministic scheme for generating a macroscopic superposition state of a nanomechanical resonator is proposed. The nonclassical state is generated through a suitably engineered dissipative dynamics exploiting the optomechanical quadratic interaction with a bichromatically driven optical cavity mode. The resulting driven dissipative dynamics can be employed for monitoring and testing the decoherence processes affecting the nanomechanical resonator under controlled conditions.

DOI
10.1088/0953-4075/47/4/045502

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An experimental demonstration of a nonclassical state of a nanomechanical resonator is still an outstanding task. In this paper we show how the resonator can be cooled and driven into a squeezed state by a bichromatic microwave coupling to a charge qubit. The stationary resonator state exhibits a reduced noise in one of the quadrature components by a factor of 0.5--0.2. These values are obtained for a 100 MHz resonator with a QQQ-value of 104{10}^{4}104 to 105{10}^{5}105 and for support temperatures of $T\ensuremath{\approx}25\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mK}$. We show that the coupling to the charge qubit can also be used to detect the squeezed state via measurements of the excited state population. Furthermore, by extending this measurement procedure a complete quantum state tomography of the resonator state can be performed. This provides a universal tool to detect a large variety of different states and to prove the quantum nature of nanomechanical systems.
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We propose a scheme to prepare macroscopic quantum superpositions of motion in optomachanical nano- or micromechanical oscillators quadratically coupled to an intracavity field. The nonlinear optomechanical coupling leads to an effective degenerate three-wave mixing interaction between the mechanical and cavity modes. The quantum superpositions result from the combined effects of the interaction and cavity dissipation. We show analytically and confirm numerically that various deterministic quantum superpositions can be achieved, depending on initial mechanical state. The effect of mechanical damping is also studied in detail via the negativity of the Wigner function. The present scheme can be realized in various optomechanical systems with current technology.
We study an optomechanical system for the purpose of generating a nonclassical mechanical state when a mechanical oscillator is quadratically coupled to a single-mode cavity field driven by a squeezed optical field. The system corresponds to a regime where the optical dissipation dominates both the mechanical damping and the optomechanical coupling. We identify that multiphonon processes emerge in the optomechanical system and show that a mechanical oscillator prepared in the ground state will evolve into an amplitude-squared squeezed vacuum state. The Wigner distribution of the steady state of the mechanical oscillator is non-Gaussian exhibiting quantum interference and fourfold symmetry. This nonclassical mechanical state, generated via reservoir engineering, can be used for quantum correlation measurements of the position and momentum of the mechanics below the standard quantum limit.