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arXiv:1307.4312 · Journal of Low Temperature Physics

Vortex Molecules in Bose-Einstein Condensates

Muneto Nitta, Minoru Eto, M. Cipriani

Published Oct 10, 2013• 19 citations
arXivHTMLPDF
DOI
10.1007/s10909-013-0925-3

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In a numerical experiment based on Gross-Pitaevskii formalism, we demonstrate unique topological quantum coherence in optically trapped Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs). Exploring the fact that vortices in a rotating BEC can be pinned by a geometric arrangement of laser beams, we show the parameter range in which vortex-antivortex molecules or multiquantum vortices are formed as a consequence of the optically imposed symmetry. Being low-energy states, we discuss the conditions for spontaneous nucleation of these unique molecules and their direct experimental observation, and provoke the potential use of the phase print of an antivortex or a multiquantum vortex when realized in unconventional circumstances.
Coherently coupled two-component Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) exhibit vortex confinement resembling quark confinement in quantum chromodynamics (QCD).Fractionally quantized vortices winding only in one of two components are attached by solitons, and they cannot stably exist alone.Possible stable states are "hadrons" either of mesonic type, i.e., molecules made of a vortex and antivortex in the same component connected by a soliton, or of baryonic type, i.e., molecules made of two vortices winding in two different components connected by a soliton.Mesonic molecules move straight with a constant velocity while baryonic molecules rotate.We numerically simulate collision dynamics of mesonic and baryonic molecules and find that the molecules swap partners in collisions in general like chemical and nuclear reactions, as well as summarizing all collisions as vortex reactions, and describe those by Feynman diagrams.We find a selection rule for final states after collisions of vortex molecules, analogous to that for collisions of hadrons in QCD.