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arXiv:1307.2596 · Physical Review A

Spin-noise correlations and spin-noise exchange driven by low-field spin-exchange collisions

Argyrios T. Dellis, Michail Loulakis, Iannis K. Kominis

Published Sep 4, 2014• 25 citations
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Abstract

The physics of spin-exchange collisions have fueled several discoveries in fundamental physics and numerous applications in medical imaging and nuclear magnetic resonance. We report on the experimental observation and theoretical justification of spin-noise exchange, the transfer of spin noise from one atomic species to another. The signature of spin-noise exchange is an increase of the total spin-noise power at low magnetic fields, on the order of 1 mG, where the two-species spin-noise resonances overlap. The underlying physical mechanism is the two-species spin-noise correlation induced by spin-exchange collisions.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.90.032705

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The physics of spin-exchange collisions have fueled several discoveries in fundamental physics and numerous applications in medical imaging and nuclear magnetic resonance. We report on the experimental observation and theoretical justification of spin-noise exchange, the transfer of spin noise from one atomic species to another. The signature of spin-noise exchange is an increase of the total spin-noise power at low magnetic fields, on the order of 1 mG, where the two-species spin-noise resonances overlap. The underlying physical mechanism is the two-species spin-noise correlation induced by spin-exchange collisions.
The physics of spin exchange collisions has fueled a large number of discoveries in fundamental physics, chemistry and biology, and has led to several applications in medical imaging and nuclear magnetic resonance. We here report on the experimental observation and theoretical justification of a novel effect, the transfer of spin noise from one atomic species to another, through the mechanism of spin exchange. Essentially, we extend the foundational studies of spin exchange into the deeper layer of quantum fluctuations. The signature of spin noise exchange is an increase of the total spin noise power at low magnetic fields where the two-species spin noise resonances overlap.
Spin-exchange collisions among alkali-metal atoms affect the coherence time and gyromagnetic ratio of atoms by redistributing the ground-state population. We theoretically study the interactions between magnetic fields and atoms in the presence of spin-exchange collisions. Using the modified Bloch equations derived from the density-matrix equation in a low spin-polarization limit, we obtain explicit formulas describing the role of spin-exchange collisions in the interactions between atoms and magnetic fields, especially the nonresonant radio-frequency fields, which are widely used to manipulate atoms. The results derived from these equations agree well with density-matrix simulations and previous experimental results, and provide a simple and precise way to quantitatively analyze the effect of spin-exchange collisions on atoms. Our paper is helpful to gain physical insight into the spin-exchange collisions and optimize the performance of atom-based precision measurement instruments.
We report an experimental and theoretical study of spin-noise correlations in a $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}\text{\ensuremath{-}}^{133}\mathrm{Cs}$ unpolarized alkali-metal vapor dominated by spin-exchange collisions. We observe strong unequal-time interspecies correlations and account for these with a first-principles theoretical model. Since the two atomic species have different spin precession frequencies, the dual-species vapor enables the use of an additional experimental handle, the applied magnetic field, for untangling various subtypes of spin correlations. In particular, the measured cross-correlation and autocorrelation spectra shed light on a number of spin-dynamic effects involving intra-atom, interatom, intraspecies, and interspecies correlations. Cross-correlation coefficients exceeding 6060%60 have been observed at low magnetic fields, where the two spin species couple strongly via spin-exchange collisions. The understanding of such spontaneously generated correlations can motivate the design of quantum-enhanced measurements with single or multispecies spin-polarized alkali-metal vapors used in quantum sensing applications.
Abstract Spin exchange is one of the effective processes for obtaining spin-polarized atoms. Such mechanism of spin polarization is usually used to transmit and observe the longitudinal (along magnetic field) component magnetization of atoms. However, spin-exchange collisions can also lead to the transfer of the transverse component of magnetization, which occurs when the atoms involved in the collisions are exposed to an alternating resonant magnetic field. This article describes experiments to observe the transmission of transverse magnetization between alkali metal atoms 133Cs and 85Rb in spin-exchange collisions. The calculation of the spin exchange in a mixture of Cs and Rb under magnetic resonance conditions gave a qualitative agreement with the experimental results.
Collision experiments employing a preparation and/or an analysis of spin polarization provide a powerful tool to study individual interaction mechanisms. For atoms or ions with nonvanishing nuclear moments the hyperfine interaction before and after the collision may affect the spin polarization and any collision-induced orientation and alignment, thereby substantially reducing experimentally observable effects. This disturbance can be avoided by applying an external magnetic field, as is demonstrated here for the inelastic collision process He+{\mathrm{He}}^{+}He++Na(\ensuremath{\uparrow}) \ensuremath{\rightarrow}He+{\mathrm{He}}^{+}He++Na∗{\mathrm{Na}}^{\mathrm{*}}Na∗(3p). Easily attainable magnetic field strengths are sufficient to decouple electronic and nuclear spins whereby the figure of merit for both, orientation and alignment, is increased by more than one order of magnitude.