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arXiv:1305.5350 · Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Optimal sub-Poissonian light generation from twin beams by photon-number resolving detectors

Marco Lamperti, Alessia Allevi, Maria Bondani, Radek Machulka, Václav Michálek, Ondřej Haderka, Jan Peřina

Published Dec 2, 2013• 39 citations
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Abstract

We generate nonclassical conditional states by exploiting the quantum correlations of multimode twin-beam states endowed with a sizeable number of photons. A strong relation between the sub-shot-noise correlations exhibited by twin beams and the sub-Poissonian character of the conditional states is experimentally revealed, determining the optimal conditions for sub-Poissonian light generation.

DOI
10.1364/josab.31.000020

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We generate nonclassical conditional states by exploiting the quantum correlations of multimode twin-beam states endowed with a sizeable number of photons. A strong relation between the sub-shot-noise correlations exhibited by twin beams and the sub-Poissonian character of the conditional states is experimentally revealed, determining the optimal conditions for sub-Poissonian light generation.
Using the method of photon addition into both beams of a multi-mode twin beam, a new kind of highly nonclassical states is obtained. As these states exhibit tight photon-number cross-correlations and are endowed with marginal sub-Poissonian photon-number distributions, we suggest to call them sub-Poissonian twin beams. We reveal their properties in the model as well as experimentally using mesoscopic twin beams. An intensified CCD camera as a photon-number resolving detector is applied to prepare as well as characterize the states with up to three photons added into each beam and containing from 2.8 to 7.5 photons in average in each beam. Their nonclassicality as well as non-Gaussianity are determined to demonstrate their prominent features. Spatial correlations of photons in the beams are exploited to improve the properties of the generated states. The beams are promising as the quantum light source for virtual-state entangled-photon spectroscopy. Their properties are prospective for monitoring and manipulating two-photon light–matter interactions.
A scheme for building stronger multimode twin beams from a greater number of identical twin beams sufficiently weak so that single-photon-sensitive on-off detectors suffice for their detection is studied. The statistical properties of these compound twin beams involving nonclassicality are analyzed for intensities up to hundreds of photon pairs. Their properties are compared with those of genuine twin beams that require photon-number-resolving detectors for their experimental investigation. The use of such compound twin beams for the generation of sub-Poissonian light and for the measurement of absorption with sub-shot-noise precision is analyzed. A suitable theoretical model for compound twin beams is developed to interpret the experimental data.
Two-beam states obtained by partial photon-number-resolving detection in one beam of a multi-mode twin beam are experimentally investigated using an intensified CCD camera. In these states, sub-Poissonian photon-number distributions in one beam are accompanied by sub-shot-noise fluctuations in the photon-number difference of both beams. Multi-mode character of the twin beam implying the beam nearly Poissonian statistics is critical for reaching sub-Poissonian photon-number distributions, which contrasts with the use of a two-mode squeezed vacuum state. Relative intensities of both nonclassical effects as they depend on the generation conditions are investigated both theoretically and experimentally using photon-number distributions of these fields. Fano factor, noise-reduction parameter, local and global nonclassicality depths, degree of photon-number coherence, mutual entropy as a non-Gaussianity quantifier, and negative quasi-distributions of integrated intensities are used to characterize these fields. Spatial photon-pair correlations as means for improving the field properties are employed. These states are appealing for quantum metrology and imaging including the virtual-state entangled-photon spectroscopy.
States with sub-Poissonian photon-number statistics obtained by post-selection from twin beams are experimentally generated. States with Fano factors down to 0.62 and mean photon numbers around 12 are reached. Their quasi-distributions of integrated intensities attaining negative values are reconstructed. An intensified CCD camera with a quantum detection efficiency exceeding 20% is utilized both for post-selection and beam characterization. Experimental results are compared with theory that provides the optimum experimental conditions.