We study the effect of
U=0 impurities on the superconducting and thermodynamic properties of the attractive Hubbard model on a square lattice. Removal of the interaction on a critical fraction of ${f}_{\mathrm{crit}}\ensuremath{\approx}0.30$ of the sites results in the destruction of off-diagonal long-range order in the ground state. This critical fraction is roughly independent of filling in the range $0.75<\ensuremath{\rho}<1.00$, although our data suggest that
fcrit might be somewhat larger below half filling than at $\ensuremath{\rho}=1$. We also find that the two peak structure in the specific heat is present at
f both below and above the value which destroys long-range pairing order. It is expected that the high-
T peak associated with local pair formation should be robust, but apparently local pairing fluctuations are sufficient to generate a low-temperature peak.
We investigate the two-dimensional attractive Hubbard model with quantum Monte Carlo techniques to reveal the crossover from a BCS-type superconductivity in the weak-coupling regime to a superconductivity properly described by a Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of local, preformed pairs. The crossover from BCS to BEC is particularly well exposed in the temperature dependence of both the spin susceptibility and the double occupancy, as well as by the appearance of a pseudogap in the density of states far above
Tc. These features are also mirrored in the shape of the specific-heat peak around
Tc, the separation of the temperature regimes where pair formation and their condensation occur, and in the transfer of spectral weight from the single-particle excitation branch to a pair band in the normal state. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.