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arXiv:1304.0642 · Optics Letters

Silicon-on-insulator integrated source of polarization-entangled photons

Laurent Olislager, Jassem Safioui, Stéphane Clemmen, Kien Phan Huy, Wim Bogaerts, Roel Baets, Philippe Emplit, Serge Massar

Published May 28, 2013• 63 citations
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Abstract

We report the experimental generation of polarization-entangled photons at telecommunication wavelengths using spontaneous four-wave mixing in silicon-on-insulator wire waveguides. The key component is a 2D coupler that transforms path entanglement into polarization entanglement at the output of the device. Using quantum state tomography we find that the produced state has fidelity 88% with a pure nonmaximally entangled state. The produced state violates the CHSH Bell inequality by S=2.37 ± 0.19.

DOI
10.1364/ol.38.001960

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We report the experimental generation of polarization-entangled photons at telecommunication wavelengths using spontaneous four-wave mixing in silicon-on-insulator wire waveguides. The key component is a 2D coupler that transforms path entanglement into polarization entanglement at the output of the device. Using quantum state tomography we find that the produced state has fidelity 88% with a pure nonmaximally entangled state. The produced state violates the CHSH Bell inequality by S=2.37 ± 0.19.
A silicon quantum photonic circuit was proposed and demonstrated as an integrated quantum light source for telecom band polarization entangled Bell state generation and dynamical manipulation. Biphoton states were firstly generated in four silicon waveguides by spontaneous four wave mixing. They were transformed to polarization entangled Bell states through on-chip quantum interference and quantum superposition, and then coupled to optical fibers. The property of polarization entanglement in generated photon pairs was demonstrated by two-photon interferences under two non-orthogonal polarization bases. The output state could be dynamically switched between two polarization entangled Bell states, which was demonstrated by the experiment of simplified Bell state measurement. The experiment results indicate that its manipulation speed supported a modulation rate of several tens kHz, showing its potential on applications of quantum communication and quantum information processing requiring dynamical quantum entangled Bell state control.
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Photonic-based qubits and integrated photonic circuits have enabled demonstrations of quantum information processing (QIP) that promises to transform the way in which we compute and communicate. To that end, sources of polarization-entangled photon pair states are an important enabling technology. However, such states are difficult to prepare in an integrated photonic circuit. Scalable semiconductor sources typically rely on nonlinear optical effects where polarization mode dispersion (PMD) degrades entanglement. Here, we directly generate polarization-entangled states in an AlGaAs waveguide, aided by the PMD and without any compensation steps. We perform quantum state tomography and report a raw concurrence as high as 0.91 ± 0.01 observed in a 1,100-nm-wide waveguide. The scheme allows direct Bell state generation with an observed maximum fidelity of 0.90 ± 0.01 from another (800-nm-wide) waveguide. Our demonstration paves the way for sources that allow for the implementation of polarization-encoded protocols in large-scale quantum photonic circuits.
This paper reviews recent progress on telecom-band entangled photon-pair sources based on spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) in a silicon photonic wire waveguide. Thanks to the large third order nonlinearity of nano-scale silicon waveguides, we can generate photon pairs efficiently. Moreover, the use of silicon waveguides enable us to avoid the noise photons caused by spontaneous Raman scattering, which has been a serious problem with entanglement sources based on SFWM in dispersion shifted fiber. We successfully demonstrated high-purity time-bin and polarization entanglement generation using 1-cm long silicon waveguides.