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arXiv:1303.6015 · Optics Express

Widely tunable single photon source with high purity at telecom wavelength

Rui-Bo Jin, Ryosuke Shimizu, Kentaro Wakui, Hugo Benichi, Masahide Sasaki

Published Apr 24, 2013• 116 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We theoretically and experimentally investigate the spectral tunability and purity of photon pairs generated from spontaneous parametric down conversion in periodically poled KTiOPO(4) crystal with group-velocity matching condition. The numerical simulation predicts that the spectral purity can be kept higher than 0.81 when the wavelength is tuned from 1460 nm to 1675 nm, which covers the S-, C-, L-, and U-band in telecommunication wavelengths. We also experimentally measured the joint spectral intensity at 1565 nm, 1584 nm and 1565 nm, yielding Schmidt numbers of 1.01, 1.02 and 1.04, respectively. Such a photon source is useful for quantum information and communication systems.

DOI
10.1364/oe.21.010659

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Scientific Reports•Jun 16, 2021•32 citations
We theoretically and experimentally investigate the spectral tunability and purity of photon pairs generated from spontaneous parametric down conversion in periodically poled KTiOPO(4) crystal with group-velocity matching condition. The numerical simulation predicts that the spectral purity can be kept higher than 0.81 when the wavelength is tuned from 1460 nm to 1675 nm, which covers the S-, C-, L-, and U-band in telecommunication wavelengths. We also experimentally measured the joint spectral intensity at 1565 nm, 1584 nm and 1565 nm, yielding Schmidt numbers of 1.01, 1.02 and 1.04, respectively. Such a photon source is useful for quantum information and communication systems.
By utilizing the extended phase-matching (EPM) method, we investigate the generation of single photons with high spectral-purity in a magnesium-doped periodically-poled lithium niobate (MgO:PPLN) crystal via the spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) process. By adjusting the temperature and pump wavelength, the wavelength of the single photons can be tuned from telecom to mid-infrared (MIR) wavelengths, for which the spectral-purity can be above 0.95 with high transmission filters. In experiments, we engineer a MgO:PPLN with poling period of 20.35 μm which emits the EPM photon pair centered at 1496.6 nm and 1644.0 nm and carry out the joint spectral intensity (JSI) and Glauber’s second-order self-correlation measurements to characterize the spectral purity. The results are in good agreement with the numerical simulations. Our work may provide a valuable approach for the generation of spectrally pure single photons at a wide range of wavelengths which is competent for various photonic quantum technologies.
The first experimental preparation is reported of an ultra-broadband continuously-tunable highly polarization-entangled photon-pair source via spontaneous parametric down-conversion in a single type-II phase-matched bulk periodically-poled KTiOPO4 (PPKTP) crystal. A tuning band of more than 60 nm for the down-converted photons is achieved experimentally, which covers the C+L telecom bands. The photon pair generation rate is about 1.63 × 104 (s mW nm)−1. The calculated S parameter values of CHSH inequality between 2.60 ± 0.04 (minimum) and 2.72 ± 0.07 (maximum) over the whole tunable range clearly demonstrate high entanglement of the source. In combination with the dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM) technique, our source could be used to enhance the transmission capacity of a communication channel in the field of quantum communication.
We theoretically investigated spectrally uncorrelated biphotons generated in a counter-propagating spontaneous parametric downconversion (CP-SPDC) from periodically poled M T i O X O 4 ( M = K , Rb, Cs; X = P , As) crystals. By numerical calculation, it was found that the five crystals from the KTP family can be used to generate heralded single photons with high spectral purity and wide tunability. Under the type-0 phase-matching condition, the purity at 1550 nm was between 0.91 and 0.92, and the purity can be maintained over 0.90 from 1500 nm to 2000 nm wavelength. Under the type-II phase-matching condition, the purity at 1550 nm was 0.96, 0.97, 0.97, 0.98, and 0.98 for PPKTP, PPRTP, PPKTA, PPRTA, and PPCTA, respectively; furthermore, the purity can be kept over 0.96 for more than 600 nm wavelength range. We also simulated the Hong–Ou–Mandel interference between independent photon sources for PPRTP crystals at 1550 nm, and interference visibility was 92% (97%) under the type-0 (type-II) phase-matching condition. This study may provide spectrally pure narrowband single-photon sources for quantum memories and quantum networks at telecom wavelengths.
Time-frequency domain is a promising platform for optical quantum technologies due to large Hilbert space available for quantum information encoding. Moreover, photons appear as perfect candidates for interface between different quantum systems as they can be transmitted over large distances in a low-loss manner. Obviously mostly desired would be such link at telecommunication wavelengths, because it can be integrated with classical communication schemes. We report on a tunable telecom-wavelength photon pair source based on bulk periodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate (PPKTP) pumped by femtosecond laser pulses. The pairs are produced via type-II spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC). The spectra of photons, which lies in telecommunication range, in our source can be affected via both changing the spectrum of pumping laser and changing the phase matching by using crystals of different lengths. By appropriate choice of these parameters either the pair of photons occupy single-mode in frequency and is in a separable state or is multimode and entangled [1]. Here we report on experimental active modification the photon pairs’ spectral properties. We employ fast electro-optic temporal phase modulation to induce a deterministic change of photons’ joint spectral intensity (JSI). Central wavelength of one photon is shifted by up to 0.2 nm. The measurement of the spectrum of single photons is based upon frequency to time mapping, implemented by large group delay dispersion (GDD) in chirped fiber Bragg grating (CFBG) [2]. An unprecedented sub-10 pm resolution of correlated single-photon spectral measurements has been achieved. Further work will be done to modify not only the position, but also the shape of JSI by using techniques based on the time-lens principle [3]. References: [1] P. G. Evans, R. S. Bennink, W. P. Grice, T. S. Humble, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 253601 (2010) [2] A. O. C. Davis, P. M. Saulnier, M. Karpinski, B. J. Smith, arXiv:1610.03040 (2016) [3] M. Karpiński, M. Jachura, L. J. Wright, B. J. Smith, Nature Photonics 11, 53–57 (2017)
We report the generation of frequency-uncorrelated photon pairs from counter-propagating spontaneous parametric down-conversion in a periodically-poled KTP waveguide. The joint spectral intensity of photon pairs is characterized by measuring the corresponding stimulated process, namely, the difference frequency generation process. The experimental result shows a clear uncorrelated joint spectrum, where the backward-propagating photon has a narrow bandwidth of 7.46 GHz and the forward-propagating one has a bandwidth of 0.23 THz like the pump light. The heralded single-photon purity estimated through Schmidt decomposition is as high as 0.996, showing a perspective for ultra-purity and narrow-band single-photon generation. Such unique feature results from the backward-wave quasi-phase-matching condition and does not has a strict limitation on the material and working wavelength, thus fascinating its application in photonic quantum technologies.