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arXiv:1303.5686 · General Relativity and Gravitation

Detecting the classical harmonic vibrations of micro amplitudes and low frequencies with an atomic Mach–Zehnder interferometer

Yong-Yi Huang

Published Dec 10, 2013• 12 citations
arXivHTMLPDF
DOI
10.1007/s10714-013-1614-x

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We propose a simplest detector of harmonic vibrations with micro amplitudes and low frequencies, i.e. a detector consisting of one atomic beam. Here, the atomic beam is induced by a plane harmonic wave and has classical collective harmonic vibrations, whose vibrant directions are perpendicular to the wave vectors of the atomic beam. Compared with a detector consisting of an atomic Mach-Zehnder interferometer, the new detector has two advantages: (1) it is suitable for the detection of harmonic vibrations induced either by a longitudinal plane harmonic wave or by using a transverse plane harmonic wave: (2) the quantum noise fluctuation of the atomic beam is exactly zero. We present the principle for detecting classical harmonic vibrations with micro amplitudes and low frequencies by using the new detector. The frequency of a classical harmonic vibration with a micro amplitude can be evaluated by measuring the variations in the mean numbers of atoms arriving at the atomic detector.
At present, most atomic spin precession detection schemes use discrete optical elements, which leads to bulky detection systems. However, chip-based spin precession detection schemes lack modulation, resulting in lower detection sensitivity. In this paper, we propose and simulatively demonstrate an integrated atomic spin precession detection scheme using an on-chip Mach-Zehnder-like interferometer. An on-chip polarization sorter is designed, with contrast ratio of 24dB and coupling efficiency of 16.8% at 795 nm. With this device, linearly polarized probe light that experienced optical rotation can be split and coupled into two waveguide arms of the interferometer. To avoid the effect of low frequency noise, our scheme uses a micro-heater to modulate the phase difference signal, allowing for high sensitivity detection. The whole detection system can reach micron size, which provides a practical new technique for high precision atomic sensors that can be integrated into chips.
A new method for the detection of atomic spin precession based on the Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Different from the conventional polarization detection methods which obtain the atomic spin precession signal by measuring the change of the probe laser power, the proposed method uses the laser modulated by an electro-optic phase modulator (EOM) as the source of the interferometer, and obtains the atomic spin precession signal by measuring the phase difference between the two arms of the MZI. The output of interferometer is independent of the probe laser power, which avoids the system error caused by the fluctuation of the probe laser power, and the long-term stability of the system is effectively improved. At the same time, the method adopts high-frequency electro-optic modulation, which can effectively suppress low-frequency noise, such as 1/f noise, and can significantly improve the detection sensitivity. The rotation sensitivity and long-term stability of the atomic comagnetometer were tested using the MZI detection method and a typical detection method, respectively. The comparison results show that the proposed method has the highest low frequency sensitivity and the potential to improve the long-term stability of the system.