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arXiv:1303.3798 · Physical Review Letters

Simple Manipulation of a Microwave Dressed-State Ion Qubit

S. C. Webster, Sebastian Weidt, Kim Lake, James J. McLoughlin, W. K. Hensinger

Published Oct 2, 2013• 68 citations
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Abstract

Many schemes for implementing quantum information processing require that the atomic states used have a nonzero magnetic moment; however, such magnetically sensitive states of an atom are vulnerable to decoherence due to fluctuating magnetic fields. Dressing an atom with external fields is a powerful method of reducing such decoherence [N. Timoney et al., Nature (London) 476, 185 (2011)]. We introduce an experimentally simpler method of manipulating such a dressed-state qubit, which allows the implementation of general rotations of the qubit, and demonstrate this method using a trapped ytterbium ion.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.111.140501

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Many schemes for implementing quantum information processing require that the atomic states used have a nonzero magnetic moment; however, such magnetically sensitive states of an atom are vulnerable to decoherence due to fluctuating magnetic fields. Dressing an atom with external fields is a powerful method of reducing such decoherence [N. Timoney et al., Nature (London) 476, 185 (2011)]. We introduce an experimentally simpler method of manipulating such a dressed-state qubit, which allows the implementation of general rotations of the qubit, and demonstrate this method using a trapped ytterbium ion.
This thesis describes the development of an entanglement experiment for ytterbium ions making use of a new entanglement method utilizing microwaves and a static magnetic field gradient. This thesis will begin by modelling the populations of the main levels in ytterbium using rate equations to find the optimum parameters required for the preparation and detection of qubit states. Coherent manipulation of these qubit states will be shown and coherence times of the states measured. Additionally a highly stable double resonance frequency locking setup for the ytterbium cooling lasers is built. This thesis will go on to give an overview of the main entanglement schemes and will give a justification as to why microwaves combined with a magnetic field gradient is the most suitable method. The magnetic field gradient creates an effective Lamb-Dicke parameter which allows microwave fields to couple to the motional states of magnetic field sensitive qubit states. The use of magnetic field sensitive states can however make the qubit highly susceptible to decoherence from magnetic field fluctuations. A method to decrease this decoherence by two orders of magnitude using a microwave dressed state qubit will be demonstrated and optimised and a new coherent manipulation method of the dressed state qubit will be presented which allows for arbitrary Bloch sphere rotations. The production of the highest recorded magnetic field gradient of 24Tm
The key research aim of the present thesis is the building of a universal set of quantum gates for a long wavelength trapped-ion quantum information processor. It is desired to realise quantum computation using microwave and radio wave sources in a linear ion trap, where a static magnetic field gradient has been added to enhance motional and atomic state coupling. Furthermore, the qubit is constructed with the intrinsic use of superposition states generated with the help of constant microwave fields in the background: dressed states. This technique is essential for the shielding of the quantum operations against the unavoidable effects of magnetic noise. After reviewing the preliminary results and discussing briefly an auxiliary experimental technique intrinsic to the set-up, we introduce the magnetic gradient coupling and the dressed state scheme. We then proceed to illustrate how single and multi-qubit gates can be realised within such a system. Theoretical arguments are supplemented by numerical simulation and sources of experimental noise are taken into account.
Trapped Rydberg ions are a promising new platform for quantum computation and simulation. They combine the exquisite control of trapped ion systems with the strong dipole-dipole interactions available in Rydberg atom systems. In order to realize strong interactions between Rydberg ions, microwave dressing is required to induce strong oscillating dipoles. Additionally, microwave dressing of Rydberg states with polarizabilities of opposite sign allows for the realization of Rydberg states with vanishing polarizability. Such states are insensitive to external electric fields and can be trapped independently of their state. Vanishing-polarizability Rydberg states allow for implementing Rydberg entangling gates in large ion crystals.
We demonstrate the use of trapped ytterbium ions as quantum bits for quantum information processing. We implement fast, efficient state preparation and state detection of the first-order magnetic field-insensitive hyperfine levels of 171Yb+^{171}\mathrm{Yb}^{+}171Yb+, with a measured coherence time of 2.5s2.5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{s}2.5s. The high efficiency and high fidelity of these operations is accomplished through the stabilization and frequency modulation of relevant laser sources.
A proposal for a phase gate and a Mølmer–Sørensen gate in the dressed state basis is presented. In order to perform the multi-qubit interaction, a strong magnetic field gradient is required to couple the phonon-bus to the qubit states. The gate is performed using resonant microwave driving fields together with either a radio-frequency (RF) driving field, or additional detuned microwave driving fields. The gate is robust to ambient magnetic field fluctuations due to an applied resonant microwave driving field. Furthermore, the gate is robust to fluctuations in the microwave Rabi frequency and is decoupled from phonon dephasing due to a resonant RF or a detuned microwave driving field. This makes this new gate an attractive candidate for the implementation of high-fidelity microwave based multi-qubit gates. The proposal can also be realized in laser-based set-ups.