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arXiv:1303.2474 · New Journal of Physics

A two-dimensional quantum gas in a magnetic trap

Karina Merloti, Romain Dubessy, Laurent Longchambon, A. Perrin, Paul-Éric Pottie, V. Lorent, Hélène Perrin

Published Mar 6, 2013• 66 citations
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Abstract

We present the first experimental realization of a two-dimensional quantum gas in a purely magnetic trap dressed by a radio frequency field in the presence of gravity.The resulting potential is extremely smooth and very close to harmonic in the two-dimensional plane of confinement.We fully characterize the trap and demonstrate the confinement of a quantum gas to two dimensions.The trap geometry can be modified to a large extent, in particular in a dynamical way.Taking advantage of this possibility, we study the monopole and the quadrupole modes of a two-dimensional Bose gas.

DOI
10.1088/1367-2630/15/3/033007

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We present the first experimental realization of a two-dimensional quantum gas in a purely magnetic trap dressed by a radio frequency field in the presence of gravity.The resulting potential is extremely smooth and very close to harmonic in the two-dimensional plane of confinement.We fully characterize the trap and demonstrate the confinement of a quantum gas to two dimensions.The trap geometry can be modified to a large extent, in particular in a dynamical way.Taking advantage of this possibility, we study the monopole and the quadrupole modes of a two-dimensional Bose gas.
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Since its first observation in 1995, Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) experiments in dilute gases have been performed with only a few different kinds of magnetic traps. We have performed a BEC experiment with /sup 87/Rb atoms in a Ioffe-Pritchard magnetic potential, which opens up the possibility to study, e.g., Bose-Einstein condensates released in only one dimension. Our trap consists of a clip-like coil, which generates a pure two-dimensional (2D) quadrupole field for radial confinement. The axial confinement is provided by two plane pinch coils inside the clip-coil. These two coils create a bottle field. Two additional Helmholtz coils on the same symmetry axis are used to compensate the homogeneous part of the bottle field. By continuously varying the currents through the coils, the trapping potential can be changed from a 3D spherical harmonic to a 2D linear potential. The change can be done adiabatically or nonadiabatically by switching off the axial confinement slowly, or instantaneously respectively. This opens up the possibility to study 1D nonlinear atom optics. In combination with, e.g., far detuned light sheets, a Fabry-Perot type interferometer for a condensate might be realizable. Our experiments are performed in a vacuum system with two magneto-optical traps, which serves as the source of cold atoms for the magnetic trap. 10/sup 9/ atoms are captured in less than one minute. RF-induced evaporative cooling is used to increase the phase space density of the trapped atomic cloud. The BEC phase transition occurs at a temperature of 550 nK with 10/sup 6/ particles in the trap. Pure condensates with more than 10/sup 5/ atoms were produced.
In this work, the RF-dressed potentials generated using a static magnetic field of a quadrupole trap and various radio frequency (RF) fields have been theoretically investigated for trapping and manipulating of cold atoms in a two-dimensional (2D) geometry. In this scheme, the RF fields of some particular polarizations and phases are shown to give rise to some novel static and time-dependent anisotropic two-dimensional potentials that are useful to trap and manipulate the cold atoms in the 2D geometry. The generated time-dependent 2D potentials, rotating on a circular ring, can be used to control the rotation and the oscillation of the cold-atom cloud on the path of the circular ring. The ultracold atoms trapped in these potentials may be used to investigate interesting physics phenomena, such as tunnelling and superfluidity.
We present the experimental implementation of a new trap for cold atoms proposed by O. Zobay and B. M. Garraway. It relies on adiabatic potentials for atoms dressed by a rf field in an inhomogeneous magnetic field. This trap is well suited to confine atoms tightly along one direction to produce a two-dimensional atomic gas. We transferred ultracold atoms into this trap, starting either from thermal samples or Bose--Einstein condensates. In the latter case, technical noise during the loading stage caused heating and prevented us from observing 2D BECs.
We present the experimental implementation of a new trap for cold atoms proposed by O. Zobay and B. M. Garraway ( Phys. Rev. Lett. 86 (2001) 1195). It relies on adiabatic potentials for atoms dressed by a rf field in an inhomogeneous magnetic field. This trap is well suited to confine atoms tightly along one direction to produce a two-dimensional atomic gas. We transferred ultracold atoms into this trap, starting either from thermal samples or Bose-Einstein condensates. In the latter case, technical noise during the loading stage caused heating and prevented us from observing 2D BECs.
An analytical expression for the first-order density matrix of a charged, two-dimensional, harmonically confined quantum gas, in the presence of a constant magnetic field is derived. Our approach is nonpertabative, and is therefore exact for any temperature and magnetic field strength. We also present a useful factorization of the Bloch density matrix in the form of a simple product with a clean separation of the zero-field and field-dependent parts. This factorization provides an alternative way of analytically investigating the effects of the magnetic field on the system, and also permits the extension of our analysis to other dimensions, and/or anisotropic confinement.