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arXiv:1303.2053 · Physical Review B

Dimensional reduction and its breakdown in the three-dimensional long-range random-field Ising model

Maxime Baczyk, Matthieu Tissier, Gilles Tarjus, Yoshinori Sakamoto

Published Jul 22, 2013• 15 citations
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Abstract

We investigate dimensional reduction, the property that the critical behavior of a system in the presence of quenched disorder in dimension $d$ is the same as that of its pure counterpart in $d\ensuremath{-}2$, and its breakdown in the case of the random-field Ising model in which both the interactions and the correlations of the disorder are long ranged, i.e., power-law decaying. To some extent the power-law exponents play the role of spatial dimension in a short-range model, which allows us to probe the theoretically predicted existence of a nontrivial critical value separating a region where dimensional reduction holds from one where it is broken, while still considering the physical dimension $d=3$. By extending our recently developed approach based on a nonperturbative functional renormalization group combined with a supersymmetric formalism, we find that such a critical value indeed exists, provided one chooses a specific relation between the decay exponents of the interactions and of the disorder correlations. This transition from dimensional reduction to its breakdown should therefore be observable in simulations and numerical analyses, if not experimentally.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.88.014204

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We investigate dimensional reduction, the property that the critical behavior of a system in the presence of quenched disorder in dimension ddd is the same as that of its pure counterpart in d\ensuremath−2d\ensuremath{-}2d\ensuremath−2, and its breakdown in the case of the random-field Ising model in which both the interactions and the correlations of the disorder are long ranged, i.e., power-law decaying. To some extent the power-law exponents play the role of spatial dimension in a short-range model, which allows us to probe the theoretically predicted existence of a nontrivial critical value separating a region where dimensional reduction holds from one where it is broken, while still considering the physical dimension d=3d=3d=3. By extending our recently developed approach based on a nonperturbative functional renormalization group combined with a supersymmetric formalism, we find that such a critical value indeed exists, provided one chooses a specific relation between the decay exponents of the interactions and of the disorder correlations. This transition from dimensional reduction to its breakdown should therefore be observable in simulations and numerical analyses, if not experimentally.
We consider the random-field O(N\mathrm{O}(NO(N) spin model with long-range exchange interactions which decay with distance rrr between spins as ${r}^{\ensuremath{-}d\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\sigma}}$ and/or random fields which correlate with distance rrr as ${r}^{\ensuremath{-}d+\ensuremath{\rho}}$, and reexamine the critical phenomena near the lower critical dimension by use of the perturbative functional renormalization group. We compute the analytic fixed points in the one-loop beta functions, and study their stability. We also calculate the critical exponents at the analytical fixed points. We show that the analytic fixed point which governs the phase transition in the system with the long-range correlations of random fields can be destabilized by the nonanalytic perturbation in both cases where the exchange interactions between spins are short ranged and long ranged. For the system with the long-range exchange interactions and uncorrelated random fields, we show that the $d\ensuremath{\rightarrow}d\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\sigma}$ dimensional reduction at the leading order of the $d\ensuremath{-}2\ensuremath{\sigma}$ expansion holds only for $N>2(4+3\sqrt{3})\ensuremath{\simeq}18.3923\dots{}$. Our investigation into the system with the long-range exchange interactions and uncorrelated random fields also gives the value of the boundary between critical behaviors in systems with long-range and short-range exchange interactions, which is identical to that predicted by Sak [Phys. Rev. B 8, 281 (1973)]. For the system with the long-range exchange interactions and the long-range correlated random fields, we show that the $d\ensuremath{\rightarrow}d\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\sigma}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\rho}$ dimensional reduction does not hold within the present framework, as far as NNN is finite.
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The critical behavior of a random-field O(N)\mathbf{O}(N)O(N) model driven at a uniform velocity is investigated near three dimensions at zero temperature. From intuitive arguments, we predict that the large-scale behavior of the DDD-dimensional driven random-field O(N)\mathbf{O}(N)O(N) model is identical to that of the $(D\ensuremath{-}1)$-dimensional pure O(N)\mathbf{O}(N)O(N) model. This is an analog of the dimensional reduction property of equilibrium cases, which states that the critical exponents of DDD-dimensional random-field models are identical to those of $(D\ensuremath{-}2)$-dimensional pure models. However, the dimensional reduction property breaks down in low enough dimensions due to the presence of multiple metastable states. By employing the nonperturbative renormalization group approach, we calculate the critical exponents of the driven random-field O(N)\mathbf{O}(N)O(N) model in the first order of $\ensuremath{\epsilon}=D\ensuremath{-}3$ and determine the range of NNN in which the dimensional reduction breaks down.
The random-field Ising model is one of the few disordered systems where the perturbative renormalization group can be carried out to all orders of perturbation theory. This analysis predicts dimensional reduction, i.e., that the critical properties of the random-field Ising model in D dimensions are identical to those of the pure Ising ferromagnet in D-2 dimensions. It is well known that dimensional reduction is not true in three dimensions, thus invalidating the perturbative renormalization group prediction. Here, we report high-precision numerical simulations of the 5D random-field Ising model at zero temperature. We illustrate universality by comparing different probability distributions for the random fields. We compute all the relevant critical exponents (including the critical slowing down exponent for the ground-state finding algorithm), as well as several other renormalization-group invariants. The estimated values of the critical exponents of the 5D random-field Ising model are statistically compatible to those of the pure 3D Ising ferromagnet. These results support the restoration of dimensional reduction at D=5. We thus conclude that the failure of the perturbative renormalization group is a low-dimensional phenomenon. We close our contribution by comparing universal quantities for the random-field problem at dimensions 3≤D<6 to their values in the pure Ising model at D-2 dimensions, and we provide a clear verification of the Rushbrooke equality at all studied dimensions.
The critical behavior of the Ising model in three dimensions on a lattice with site disorder is studied by applying Monte Carlo simulation techniques. Two cases for the site disorder are considered: uncorrelated disorder and long-range correlated disorder with a spatial correlation function that decays according to a power law ${r}^{\ensuremath{-}a}$. The critical exponents $\ensuremath{\beta}$ and $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ as well as updated results for the critical exponent $\ensuremath{\nu}$ and confluent correction exponent $\ensuremath{\omega}$ are provided for a variety of different correlation exponents aaa and disorder concentrations pd{p}_{d}pd​. The estimation is done by using finite-size scaling analyses and a global fit procedure which combines the results obtained for different concentrations of defects. From the estimated critical exponents, the validity of hyperscaling relations is studied and finally the critical temperatures are provided for different aaa and pd{p}_{d}pd​.