Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:1302.5147 · Physical Review Letters

Partial-Measurement Backaction and Nonclassical Weak Values in a Superconducting Circuit

J. P. Groen, Diego Ristè, Lars Tornberg, Julia Cramer, P. C. de Groot, Thomas Picot, Göran Johansson, L. DiCarlo

Published Aug 29, 2013• 175 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We realize indirect partial measurement of a transmon qubit in circuit quantum electrodynamics by interaction with an ancilla qubit and projective ancilla measurement with a dedicated readout resonator. Accurate control of the interaction and ancilla measurement basis allows tailoring the measurement strength and operator. The tradeoff between measurement strength and qubit backaction is characterized through the distortion of a qubit Rabi oscillation imposed by ancilla measurement in different bases. Combining partial and projective qubit measurements, we provide the solid-state demonstration of the correspondence between a nonclassical weak value and the violation of a Leggett-Garg inequality.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.111.090506

Related papers

Notes on implementing generalized measurements with superconducting qubits

Justin Dressel, Todd A. Brun, Alexander N. Korotkov

We describe a method to perform any generalized purity-preserving measurement of a qubit with techniques tailored to superconducting systems. We start with considering two methods for realizing a two-outcome partial projection: using a thresholded continuous measurement in the circuit QED setup and using an indirect ancilla qubit measurement. Then we decompose an arbitrary puritypreserving two-outcome measurement into single qubit unitary rotations and a partial projection. Finally, we systematically reduce any multiple-outcome measurement to a sequence of two-outcome measurements and unitary operations.

•Dec 4, 2013•0 citations

Implementing generalized measurements with superconducting qubits

Justin Dressel, Todd A. Brun, Alexander N. Korotkov

We describe a method to perform any generalized purity-preserving measurement of a qubit with techniques tailored to superconducting systems. First, we consider two methods for realizing a two-outcome partial projection: using a thresholded continuous measurement in the circuit QED setup and using an indirect ancilla qubit measurement. Second, we decompose an arbitrary purity-preserving two-outcome measurement into single-qubit unitary rotations and a partial projection. Third, we systematically reduce any multiple-outcome measurement to a sequence of such two-outcome measurements and unitary operations. Finally, we consider how to define suitable fidelity measures for multiple-outcome generalized measurements.

arXiv:1312.1319•Physical Review A•Sep 2, 2014•15 citations

Weak Measurement of a Superconducting Qubit Reconciles Incompatible Operators

Jonathan Monroe, Nicole Yunger Halpern, Taeho Lee +1 more

Traditional uncertainty relations dictate a minimal amount of noise in incompatible projective quantum measurements. However, not all measurements are projective. Weak measurements are minimally invasive methods for obtaining partial state information without projection. Recently, weak measurements were shown to obey an uncertainty relation cast in terms of entropies. We experimentally test this entropic uncertainty relation with strong and weak measurements of a superconducting transmon qubit. A weak measurement, we find, can reconcile two strong measurements' incompatibility, via backaction on the state. Mathematically, a weak value-a preselected and postselected expectation value-lowers the uncertainty bound. Hence we provide experimental support for the physical interpretation of the weak value as a determinant of a weak measurement's ability to reconcile incompatible operations.

arXiv:2008.09131•Physical Review Letters•Mar 11, 2021•36 citations

Quantum Jumps and Measurement Backaction in a Superconducting Qubit

D. H. Slichter

Real-time monitoring of a quantum state provides powerful tools for studying the backaction of quantum measurement and performing quantum feedback. Historically, this monitoring capability has been the exclusive province of atomic and optical physics. This thesis describes the implementation of the first such high-fidelity readout scheme in a solid state circuit, a superconducting quantum bit (qubit) coupled to a microwave cavity in the circuit quantum electrodynamics (circuit QED) architecture. The qubit-state-dependent resonance frequency of the cavity is probed with a microwave drive tone, and the resulting signal amplified using a fast, ultralow-noise superconducting parametric amplifier. This arrangement enables the observation of quantum jumps between the qubit states in real time. The ability to monitor the qubit continuously with high fidelity and resolve quantum jumps can be used to investigate the backaction of the measurement process on the qubit. This thesis examines the quantum Zeno effect--where strong measurement inhibits the evolution of a quantum system-- as well as the transition to non-ideal measurement with increasing measurement strength in the circuit QED architecture, a phenomenon shown to be due to the upconversion of low-frequency dephasing noise. These data allow probes of ``universal'' flux noise in previously inaccessible frequency ranges. The work presented here opens the door for quantum feedback and error correction in solid-state quantum systems using continuous weak measurement.

•Jan 1, 2011•10 citations

Superconducting qubit in a resonator : test of the Legget-Garg inequality and single-shot readout

Agustin Palacios-Laloy

This thesis presents a series of circuit QED (cQED) experiments, in which artificial atoms consisting of superconducting circuits are strongly coupled to the electromagnetic field stored in a microwave resonator. This resonator can be used as a measurement apparatus for the atom, allowing both to address fundamental issues in quantum mechanics, and to develop building blocks for a quantum processor. In a first experiment we continuously monitored the evolution of a quantum system while varying the measurement strength. We observed the crossover from weak to strong measurement regimes, and, ultimately, the freezing of the dynamics by the Quantum Zeno Effect. In the weak measurement regime, we probed if the artificial atom complies with the macroscopic realism hypotheses, from which Leggett and Garg have derived a Bell's inequality in time. The violation of this inequality confirms that although macroscopic, the artificial atom is a truly quantum object. On the quantum information side, we have enriched the proposed cQED quantum processor architecture by demonstrating a high fidelity single-shot qubit readout, a crucial element for quantum processors. This new circuit relies on a dynamical transition of a non-linear resonator. The coupled system formed by the qubit and the non-linear resonator allows in addition to investigate the interplay between strong coupling and non-linear effects --parametric amplification, squeezing...-- opening the new field of non-linear cQED. Finally we have operated a circuit which would potentially be able to mediate operations between two arbitrary qubits: a superconducting resonator which is tunable in frequency.

•Sep 23, 2010•2 citations

Weak Values and the Leggett-Garg Inequality in Solid-State Qubits

Nathan S. Williams, Andrew N. Jordan

An implementation of weak values is investigated in solid-state qubits. We demonstrate that a weak value can be nonclassical if and only if a Leggett-Garg inequality can also be violated. Generalized weak values are described in which post-selection occurs on a range of weak measurement results. Imposing classical weak values permits the derivation of Leggett-Garg inequalities for bounded operators. Our analysis is presented in terms of kicked quantum nondemolition measurements on a quantum double-dot charge qubit.

arXiv:0707.3427•Physical Review Letters•Jan 16, 2008•266 citations
We realize indirect partial measurement of a transmon qubit in circuit quantum electrodynamics by interaction with an ancilla qubit and projective ancilla measurement with a dedicated readout resonator. Accurate control of the interaction and ancilla measurement basis allows tailoring the measurement strength and operator. The tradeoff between measurement strength and qubit backaction is characterized through the distortion of a qubit Rabi oscillation imposed by ancilla measurement in different bases. Combining partial and projective qubit measurements, we provide the solid-state demonstration of the correspondence between a nonclassical weak value and the violation of a Leggett-Garg inequality.
We describe a method to perform any generalized purity-preserving measurement of a qubit with techniques tailored to superconducting systems. We start with considering two methods for realizing a two-outcome partial projection: using a thresholded continuous measurement in the circuit QED setup and using an indirect ancilla qubit measurement. Then we decompose an arbitrary puritypreserving two-outcome measurement into single qubit unitary rotations and a partial projection. Finally, we systematically reduce any multiple-outcome measurement to a sequence of two-outcome measurements and unitary operations.
We describe a method to perform any generalized purity-preserving measurement of a qubit with techniques tailored to superconducting systems. First, we consider two methods for realizing a two-outcome partial projection: using a thresholded continuous measurement in the circuit QED setup and using an indirect ancilla qubit measurement. Second, we decompose an arbitrary purity-preserving two-outcome measurement into single-qubit unitary rotations and a partial projection. Third, we systematically reduce any multiple-outcome measurement to a sequence of such two-outcome measurements and unitary operations. Finally, we consider how to define suitable fidelity measures for multiple-outcome generalized measurements.
Traditional uncertainty relations dictate a minimal amount of noise in incompatible projective quantum measurements. However, not all measurements are projective. Weak measurements are minimally invasive methods for obtaining partial state information without projection. Recently, weak measurements were shown to obey an uncertainty relation cast in terms of entropies. We experimentally test this entropic uncertainty relation with strong and weak measurements of a superconducting transmon qubit. A weak measurement, we find, can reconcile two strong measurements' incompatibility, via backaction on the state. Mathematically, a weak value-a preselected and postselected expectation value-lowers the uncertainty bound. Hence we provide experimental support for the physical interpretation of the weak value as a determinant of a weak measurement's ability to reconcile incompatible operations.
Real-time monitoring of a quantum state provides powerful tools for studying the backaction of quantum measurement and performing quantum feedback. Historically, this monitoring capability has been the exclusive province of atomic and optical physics. This thesis describes the implementation of the first such high-fidelity readout scheme in a solid state circuit, a superconducting quantum bit (qubit) coupled to a microwave cavity in the circuit quantum electrodynamics (circuit QED) architecture. The qubit-state-dependent resonance frequency of the cavity is probed with a microwave drive tone, and the resulting signal amplified using a fast, ultralow-noise superconducting parametric amplifier. This arrangement enables the observation of quantum jumps between the qubit states in real time. The ability to monitor the qubit continuously with high fidelity and resolve quantum jumps can be used to investigate the backaction of the measurement process on the qubit. This thesis examines the quantum Zeno effect--where strong measurement inhibits the evolution of a quantum system-- as well as the transition to non-ideal measurement with increasing measurement strength in the circuit QED architecture, a phenomenon shown to be due to the upconversion of low-frequency dephasing noise. These data allow probes of ``universal'' flux noise in previously inaccessible frequency ranges. The work presented here opens the door for quantum feedback and error correction in solid-state quantum systems using continuous weak measurement.
This thesis presents a series of circuit QED (cQED) experiments, in which artificial atoms consisting of superconducting circuits are strongly coupled to the electromagnetic field stored in a microwave resonator. This resonator can be used as a measurement apparatus for the atom, allowing both to address fundamental issues in quantum mechanics, and to develop building blocks for a quantum processor. In a first experiment we continuously monitored the evolution of a quantum system while varying the measurement strength. We observed the crossover from weak to strong measurement regimes, and, ultimately, the freezing of the dynamics by the Quantum Zeno Effect. In the weak measurement regime, we probed if the artificial atom complies with the macroscopic realism hypotheses, from which Leggett and Garg have derived a Bell's inequality in time. The violation of this inequality confirms that although macroscopic, the artificial atom is a truly quantum object. On the quantum information side, we have enriched the proposed cQED quantum processor architecture by demonstrating a high fidelity single-shot qubit readout, a crucial element for quantum processors. This new circuit relies on a dynamical transition of a non-linear resonator. The coupled system formed by the qubit and the non-linear resonator allows in addition to investigate the interplay between strong coupling and non-linear effects --parametric amplification, squeezing...-- opening the new field of non-linear cQED. Finally we have operated a circuit which would potentially be able to mediate operations between two arbitrary qubits: a superconducting resonator which is tunable in frequency.
An implementation of weak values is investigated in solid-state qubits. We demonstrate that a weak value can be nonclassical if and only if a Leggett-Garg inequality can also be violated. Generalized weak values are described in which post-selection occurs on a range of weak measurement results. Imposing classical weak values permits the derivation of Leggett-Garg inequalities for bounded operators. Our analysis is presented in terms of kicked quantum nondemolition measurements on a quantum double-dot charge qubit.