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arXiv:1301.6343

The Schrodinger-Foldy relativistic canonical quantum mechanics and the derivation of the Dirac equation

I.Yu. Krivsky, Simulik, V. M., Lamer, I. L., T.M. Zajac

Published Jan 27, 2013• 1 citation
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Abstract

The detailed consideration of the relativistic canonical quantum-mechanical model of an arbitrary spin-multiplet is given. The group-theoretical analysis of the algebra of experimentally observables physical quantities for the spin 1/2 doublet is presented. It is shown that both the Foldy-Wouthuysen equation for the fermionic spin 1/2 doublet and the Dirac equation in its local representation are the consequences of the relativistic canonical quantum mechanics of the corresponding doublet. The mathematically well-defined consideration on the level of modern axiomatic approaches to the field theory is provided. The hypothesis of the antiparticle negative mass is discussed briefly in the section conclusions.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1301.6343

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The detailed consideration of the relativistic canonical quantum-mechanical model of an arbitrary spin-multiplet is given. The group-theoretical analysis of the algebra of experimentally observables physical quantities for the spin 1/2 doublet is presented. It is shown that both the Foldy-Wouthuysen equation for the fermionic spin 1/2 doublet and the Dirac equation in its local representation are the consequences of the relativistic canonical quantum mechanics of the corresponding doublet. The mathematically well-defined consideration on the level of modern axiomatic approaches to the field theory is provided. The hypothesis of the antiparticle negative mass is discussed briefly in the section conclusions.
The detailed consideration of the relativistic canonical quantum-mechanical model of an arbitrary ?s -multiplet is given. The group-theoretical analysis of the algebra of experimentally observable physical quantities for the s = 1/2 doublet is presented. It is shown that both the Foldy-Wouthuysen equation for the fermionic spin s = 1/2 doublet and the Dirac equation in its local representation are the consequences of the relativistic canonical quantum mechanics of the corresponding doublet. The mathematically welldefined consideration on the level of modern axiomatic approaches to the field theory is provided.
Purpose. The Dirac equation is one of the fundamental equations of modern theoretical physics. It is in service more than 90 years (1928–2018). The application today is much wider than the areas of quantum mechanics, quantum field theory, atomic and nuclear physics, solid state physics. The successful derivation of some equation of mathematical physics is the first step to successful application. In such process the essence of the corresponding model of nature, the mathematical principles and the physical foundations are visualized. Here we deal with the different approaches to the problem of the Dirac equation derivation. Methods. The quantum-mechanical, quantum field-theoretical, group-theoretical, algebraic, symmetrical, statistical, stochastical and numerical approaches are used. Results. The 26 different ways of the Dirac equation derivation are presented. The various physical principles and mathematical formalisms are used. Three original approaches of the authors to the problem are given. They are (i) the generalization of H. Sallhofer derivation, (ii) the obtaining of the massless Dirac equation from the Maxwell equations in maximally symmetrical form, (iii) the derivation of the Dirac equation with nonzero mass from the relativistic quantum mechanics of the fermion-antifermion spin s = 1/2 doublet. In some sense the role of the Dirac equation today is demonstrated. Conclusions. The original investigation of the problem of the Dirac equation derivation is presented. The different approaches, which are based on the various mathematical and physical principles, are considered (26 methods). Therole of the scientists from Uzhhorod is shown. The importance of place of the Dirac equation in modern theoretical physics is discussed.
An examination is made of the consequences for the quantum mechanics of spinning particles of equations characteristic of Lorentz-covariant position variables. These equations are commutator analogs of the Poisson bracket equations that express the familiar transformation properties of space-time events in classical mechanics. For a particle of zero spin it is found that the usual canonical coordinate is the unique solution of these equations. For a particle with positive spin there is no position operator which satisfies these equations and has commuting components. For a particle and antiparticle there is a unique solution with commuting components which is valid for all values of the spin and reduces for zero spin to the canonical coordinate. For spin \textonehalf{} this is the Foldy-Wouthuysen transform of the position operator of the Dirac equation. A generalization of the inverse Foldy-Wouthuysen transformation, valid for any value of the spin, appears as a unique unitary transformation which takes this generalized Dirac position to the canonical coordinate. The application of this transformation to the canonical form of the Hamiltonian gives a generalization of the Dirac equation Hamiltonian. This is developed and compared with the literature for spin 1. It gives a nonlocal equation as the spin 1 analog of the Dirac equation.