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arXiv:1301.5097 · Physical Review A

Actively switchable nondegenerate polarization-entangled photon-pair distribution in dense wave-division multiplexing

Zhi‐Yuan Zhou, Yun-Kun Jiang, Dong-Sheng Ding, Bao‐Sen Shi, Guang‐Can Guo

Published Apr 29, 2013• 16 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We have demonstrated experimentally a nondegenerate polarization-entangled photon-pair distribution in a commercial telecom dense wave-division multiplexing device (DWDM) with eight channels. A promising point of this experiment is that an entangled photon pair is obtained via spontaneous parametric down conversion in a single type-II periodically poled KTiOPO${}_{4}$ crystal without postselection. Another promising advantage is that we can actively switch the distribution of the photon pair between different channel pairs in DWDM at will. There is no crosstalk between different channel pairs because of a limited emission bandwidth of the source. Maximum raw visibility of $97.88%\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.86%$ obtained in a Bell-type interference experiment and a Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) inequality $S$ parameter of $2.63\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.08$ calculated prove high entanglement of our source. Our work is helpful for building quantum communication networks.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.87.045806

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We have demonstrated experimentally a nondegenerate polarization-entangled photon-pair distribution in a commercial telecom dense wave-division multiplexing device (DWDM) with eight channels. A promising point of this experiment is that an entangled photon pair is obtained via spontaneous parametric down conversion in a single type-II periodically poled KTiOPO4{}_{4}4​ crystal without postselection. Another promising advantage is that we can actively switch the distribution of the photon pair between different channel pairs in DWDM at will. There is no crosstalk between different channel pairs because of a limited emission bandwidth of the source. Maximum raw visibility of 97.8897.88%\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.86%97.88 obtained in a Bell-type interference experiment and a Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) inequality SSS parameter of 2.63\ifmmode±\else\textpm\fi0.082.63\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.082.63\ifmmode±\else\textpm\fi0.08 calculated prove high entanglement of our source. Our work is helpful for building quantum communication networks.
The first experimental preparation is reported of an ultra-broadband continuously-tunable highly polarization-entangled photon-pair source via spontaneous parametric down-conversion in a single type-II phase-matched bulk periodically-poled KTiOPO4 (PPKTP) crystal. A tuning band of more than 60 nm for the down-converted photons is achieved experimentally, which covers the C+L telecom bands. The photon pair generation rate is about 1.63 × 104 (s mW nm)−1. The calculated S parameter values of CHSH inequality between 2.60 ± 0.04 (minimum) and 2.72 ± 0.07 (maximum) over the whole tunable range clearly demonstrate high entanglement of the source. In combination with the dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM) technique, our source could be used to enhance the transmission capacity of a communication channel in the field of quantum communication.
We experimentally demonstrate multi-user distribution of polarization entanglement using commercial telecom wavelength division demultiplexers. The entangled photon pairs are generated from a broadband source based on spontaneous parametric down conversion in a periodically poled lithium niobate crystal using a double path setup employing a Michelson interferometer and active phase stabilisation. We test and compare demultiplexers based on various technologies and analyze the effect of their characteristics, such as losses and polarization dependence, on the quality of the distributed entanglement for three channel pairs of each demultiplexer. In all cases, we obtain a Bell inequality violation, whose value depends on the demultiplexer features. This demonstrates that entanglement can be distributed to at least three user pairs of a network from a single source. Additionally, we verify for the best demultiplexer that the violation is maintained when the pairs are distributed over a total channel attenuation corresponding to 20 km of optical fiber. These techniques are therefore suitable for resource-efficient practical implementations of entanglement-based quantum key distribution and other quantum communication network applications.
We report a source of polarization-entangled photon pairs in the 1550-nm telecommunication band, which is based on non-collinear spontaneous parametric down-conversion in a periodically poled lithium niobate crystal pumped by picosecond pulses. This source is realized utilizing a polarization-based Sagnac interferometer employing a type-0 non-collinear quasi-phase-matching configuration. Polarization entanglement is verified through measurement of the polarization-correlation interference fringes with visibility >96% and by testing the experimental violation of the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) form of Bell's inequality. The CHSH-Bell parameter S is found to be 2.72 ± 0.04, with 18 standard deviations from the statistical uncertainty.
The scalability of quantum communication networks requires compact, fiber-integrated, easy-to-deploy, and efficient wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) sources for multi-user secure key distribution. Here, we demonstrate such a multi-channel source of polarization-entangled photon pairs in the low-loss telecom C-band based on type-0 spontaneous parametric downconversion in a fiber-coupled Zn-indiffused MgO-doped periodically poled lithium-niobate (MgO:PPLN) ridge waveguide in the Sagnac configuration. The source can be easily tuned to generate the |Φ+⟩ or |Φ−⟩ Bell state in 14 channel pairs of the International Telecommunication Union dense WDM (100-GHz spacing) grid around 1550-nm with a raw fidelity of ≳89%, with a maximum value of ≳94%. The raw concurrence is ≳0.8 for both Bell states in all channel pairs, and the observed S-parameter (>2.56 ± 0.04 in all 14-channel pairs) shows a strong violation of CHSH-Bell’s inequality. The source’s suitability for long-distance entanglement transmission is also demonstrated by the successful transfer of entangled photons up to 100 km while maintaining fidelity >85% and quantum bit error rate <9%. The effect of polarization mode dispersion on entanglement distribution among remote users is also studied in detail. All these performance metrics are measured using conventional room-temperature semiconductor-based single-photon avalanche detectors, and these are the best reported with these detectors. Our highly flexible source can support up to ∼40 user pairs to communicate simultaneously, and it can be easily deployed into the current metro-area fiber-optic telecom infrastructure to form a complete WDM-based quantum communication network.