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arXiv:1301.1986 · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields

Schrödinger Fermi liquids

Juven Wang

Published Feb 27, 2014• 9 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

A class of strongly interacting many-body fermionic systems in $2+1$-dimensional nonrelativistic conformal field theory is examined via the gauge-gravity duality correspondence. The five-dimensional charged black hole with asymptotic Schr\"odinger isometry in the bulk gravity side introduces parameters of background density and finite particle number into the boundary field theory. We propose the holographic dictionary, and realize a quantum phase transition of this fermionic liquid with fixed particle number by tuning the background density $\ensuremath{\beta}$ at zero temperature. On the larger $\ensuremath{\beta}$ side, we find the signal of a sharp quasiparticle pole on the spectral function $A(k,\ensuremath{\omega})$, indicating a well-defined Fermi surface. On the smaller $\ensuremath{\beta}$ side, we find only a hump with no sharp peak for $A(k,\ensuremath{\omega})$, indicating the disappearance of the Fermi surface. The dynamical exponent $z$ of quasiparticle dispersion goes from being Fermi-liquid-like $z\ensuremath{\simeq}1$ scaling at larger $\ensuremath{\beta}$ to a non-Fermi-liquid scaling $z\ensuremath{\simeq}3/2$ at smaller $\ensuremath{\beta}$. By comparing the structure of Green's function with Landau Fermi liquid theory and Senthil's scaling ansatz, we further investigate the behavior of this quantum phase transition.

DOI
10.1103/physrevd.89.046008

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Using the anti-de Sitter/conformal field theory correspondence, we calculate a fermionic spectral function in a 2+12+12+1 dimensional nonrelativistic quantum field theory which is dual to a gravitational theory in the AdS4{\mathrm{AdS}}_{4}AdS4​ background with a charged black hole. The spectral function shows no quasiparticle peak but the Fermi surface is still well-defined. Interestingly, all momentum points inside the Fermi surface are critical and the gapless modes are defined in a critical Fermi ball in the momentum space.
We report on a potentially new class of non-Fermi liquids in (2+12+12+1)-dimensions. They are identified via the response functions of composite fermionic operators in a class of strongly interacting quantum field theories at finite density, computed using the AdS/CFT correspondence. We find strong evidence of Fermi surfaces: gapless fermionic excitations at discrete shells in momentum space. The spectral weight exhibits novel phenomena, including particle-hole asymmetry, discrete scale invariance, and scaling behavior consistent with that of a critical Fermi surface postulated by Senthil.
Since the mid-eighties there has been an accumulation of metallic materials whose thermodynamic and transport properties differ significantly from those predicted by Fermi liquid theory. Examples of these so-called non-Fermi liquids include the strange metal phase of high transition temperature cuprates, and heavy fermion systems near a quantum phase transition. We report on a class of non-Fermi liquids discovered using gauge/gravity duality. The low energy behavior of these non-Fermi liquids is shown to be governed by a nontrivial infrared (IR) fixed point which exhibits nonanalytic scaling behavior only in the temporal direction. Within this class we find examples whose single-particle spectral function and transport behavior resemble those of strange metals. In particular, the contribution from the Fermi surface to the conductivity is inversely proportional to the temperature. In our treatment these properties can be understood as being controlled by the scaling dimension of the fermion operator in the emergent IR fixed point.
We give a unified overview of the zero temperature phases of compressible quantum matter: i.e., phases in which the expectation value of a globally conserved U(1) density, Q\mathcal{Q}Q, varies smoothly as a function of parameters. Provided the global U(1) and translational symmetries are unbroken, such phases are expected to have Fermi surfaces, and the Luttinger theorem relates the volumes enclosed by these Fermi surfaces to ⟨Q⟩⟨\mathcal{Q}⟩⟨Q⟩. We survey models of interacting bosons and/or fermions and/or gauge fields which realize such phases. Some phases have Fermi surfaces with the singularities of Landau's Fermi liquid theory, while other Fermi surfaces have non-Fermi liquid singularities. Compressible phases found in models applicable to condensed-matter systems are argued to also be present in models obtained by applying chemical potentials (and other deformations allowed by the residual symmetry at nonzero chemical potential) to the paradigmatic supersymmetric gauge theories underlying gauge-gravity duality: the Aharony-Bergman-Jafferis-Maldacena model in spatial dimension d=2d=2d=2, and the N=4\mathcal{N}=4N=4 super Yang-Mills theory in d=3d=3d=3.
We show that fluctuation thermodynamics on a model Luttinger surface -- a contour of \textit{zeros} of the many-body Green function -- mimics black hole thermodynamics in the strong coupling limit. At zero temperature (β→∞\beta \rightarrow \inftyβ→∞) and a critical interaction strength (uc∞u_{c\infty}uc∞​) characterized by the self-energy pole, we find that the pair susceptibility diverges leading to a superconducting instability. We evaluate the pair fluctuation partition function and find that the spectral density in the normal state has an interaction-driven, power-law 1ω\frac{1}{\sqrt{\omega}}ω​1​ type, van-Hove singularity (vHS) indicating non-Fermi liquid (NFL) physics. Crucially, in the strong coupling limit (βu≫1\beta u \gg 1βu≫1), the free energy in the normal state of this NFL-SC transition resembles well studied class of models with gravity duals and takes the form −βF=βuc∞−γ ln(βuc∞)-\beta F = \beta u_{c\infty} - \gamma~\text{ln}\left(\beta u_{c \infty}\right)−βF=βuc∞​−γ ln(βuc∞​) where γ\gammaγ is a constant equal to 12\frac{1}{2}21​. Weak impurity scattering (τ≫β−1\tau \gg \beta^{-1}τ≫β−1) leaves the low-energy spectral density unaffected, but leads to an interaction-driven enhancement of superconductivity. Our results shed light on the role played by order-parameter fluctuations in providing the key missing link between Mott physics and strongly coupled toy-models exhibiting gravity duals such as Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK)-type models.
We present numerical evidence for a paradigm in one-dimensional interacting fermion systems, whose phenomenology has traits of both Luttinger liquids and Fermi liquids. This state, dubbed a quasi-Fermi liquid, possesses a discontinuity in its fermion occupation number at the Fermi momentum. The excitation spectrum presents particlelike quasiparticles and absence of holelike quasiparticles, giving rise instead to edge singularities. Such a state is realized in a one-dimensional spinless fermion lattice Hamiltonian by fine-tuning the interactions to a regime where they become irrelevant in the renormalization group sense. We show, using uniform infinite matrix products states and finite-entanglement scaling analysis, that the system ground state is characterized by a Luttinger parameter K=1K=1K=1 and a discontinuous jump in the fermion occupation number. We support the characterization with calculations of the spectral function that show a particle-hole asymmetry reflected in the existence of well-defined Landau quasiparticles above the Fermi level and edge singularities without the associated quasiparticles below. These results indicate that the quasi-Fermi liquid paradigm can be realized beyond the low-energy perturbative realm.