Hierarchical quantum communication

Michel Le Bellac

Benchao Yang

Abstract This paper puts forward a novel hierarchical controlled asymmetric bidirectional hybrid quantum communication scheme that can be applied to hierarchical quantum information transmission tasks in various application scenarios. In this scheme, with only Charlie’s assistance, Alice can accomplish the less crucial task of remotely preparing any single-qubit state for Bob. Simultaneously, Bob aims to transmit any two-qubit states to Alice via quantum teleportation. As a more vital communication task, apart from obtaining the consent of the control agent Charlie, Bob also requires the help of another control agent, David. Only with the combined control and support of Charlie and David can this task be successfully completed by Bob. In an ideal environment, the success rate of this protocol is 1. Given that noise is inevitable in practical communication, this paper further investigates the impact of different noises on this communication scheme and analyzes and compares its efficiency with other existing similar schemes. The proposed protocol outperforms existing hierarchical quantum communication solutions in terms of task generality and flexibility. By assigning different levels of controllers to different tasks, it provides users with greater flexibility to meet their specific needs, especially in scenarios requiring both multi-level authorization control and hybrid quantum communication.

Harald Weinfurter, Anton Zeilinger

Benchao Yang

Abstract This paper presents a hierarchical controlled asymmetric bidirectional hybrid quantum communication protocol applicable to hierarchical quantum information transmission tasks across diverse scenarios. The scheme incorporates two communication tasks: (1) With the assistance of controller Charlie, Alice can perform the lower-priority task of transmit arbitrary single-qubit state to Bob via quantum teleportation; (2) As a higher-priority task, Bob needs to remotely preparing arbitrary two-qubit states for Alice. This process requires not only authorization from controller Charlie but also collaborative support from another controller David. Theoretical analysis demonstrates that the protocol achieves a 100% success rate under ideal conditions. To address noise interference in practical communication, the impacts of different noise models on protocol performance are systematically investigated, followed by an efficiency comparison with existing similar schemes. Results indicate that this protocol significantly outperforms current hierarchical quantum communication solutions in terms of task generality and flexibility. By assigning differentiated control levels to different tasks, the protocol provides users with enhanced configurability to meet specific requirements, particularly in complex scenarios requiring integrated multi-level authorization control and hybrid quantum communication.

Wang Zuo-don

A scheme of controlled hierarchical quantum information of an unknown two-qubit entangled state by using a six-qubit cluster state as the quantum channel is proposed. Because of their different level of trust by the sender,different receivers have different ability to recover the unknown state. The sender needs to perform a joint von-Neumann measurement on her three qubits,controller according to different receivers take a local measurement or a join measurement. After received the two measurements,the receiver can reconstruct the unknown state by performing appropriate unitary operations,then this controlled hierarchical quantum communication is accomplished.