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arXiv:1212.6187 · Physical Review A

Maximally-dense-coding-capable quantum states

Rabindra Nepal, R. Prabhu, Aditi Sen, Ujjwal Sen

Published Mar 28, 2013• 25 citations
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Abstract

A complementarity relation is established between the capacity of multiport classical information transmission via quantum states and multiparty quantum correlation measures for three-qubit pure states. The multiparty quantum correlation measures considered are the generalized geometric measure, the tangle, and the discord monogamy score. The complementarity relation is revealed by the identification of a one-parameter family of pure three-qubit states, which we call the maximally-dense-coding-capable quantum states. These states have the maximal multiport dense coding capacity among all three-qubit pure states with an arbitrary fixed amount of the multiparty quantum correlations.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.87.032336

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A complementarity relation is established between the capacity of multiport classical information transmission via quantum states and multiparty quantum correlation measures for three-qubit pure states. The multiparty quantum correlation measures considered are the generalized geometric measure, the tangle, and the discord monogamy score. The complementarity relation is revealed by the identification of a one-parameter family of pure three-qubit states, which we call the maximally-dense-coding-capable quantum states. These states have the maximal multiport dense coding capacity among all three-qubit pure states with an arbitrary fixed amount of the multiparty quantum correlations.
We find a single parameter family of genuinely entangled three-qubit pure states, called the maximally Bell-inequality violating states (MBV), which exhibit maximum Bell-inequality violation by the reduced bipartite system for a fixed amount of genuine tripartite entanglement quantified by the so-called tangle measure. This in turn implies that there holds a complementary relation between the Bell-inequality violation by the reduced bipartite systems and the tangle present in the three-qubit states, not necessarily pure. The MBV states also exhibit maximum Bell-inequality violation by the reduced bipartite systems of the three-qubit pure states with a fixed amount of genuine tripartite correlation quantified by the generalized geometric measure, a genuine entanglement measure of multiparty pure states, and the discord monogamy score, a multipartite quantum correlation measure from information-theoretic paradigm. The aforementioned complementary relation has also been established for three-qubit pure states for the generalized geometric measure and the discord monogamy score, respectively. The complementarity between the Bell-inequality violation by the reduced bipartite systems and the genuine tripartite correlation suggests that the Bell-inequality violation in the reduced two-qubit system comes at the cost of the total tripartite correlation present in the entire system.
We establish a universal complementarity relation between the capacity of classical information transmission by employing a multiparty quantum state as a multiport quantum channel, and the corresponding genuine multipartite entanglement. The classical information transfer is from a sender to several receivers by using the quantum dense coding protocol with the multiparty quantum state shared between the sender and several receivers. The relation is derived when the multiparty entanglement is the relative entropy of entanglement as well as when it is the generalized geometric measure. The relation holds for arbitrary pure or mixed quantum states of an arbitrary number of parties in arbitrary dimensions.
A highly entangled bipartite quantum state is more advantageous for the quantum dense coding protocol than states with low entanglement. Applications of quantum channels are most likely to be commercially important only in the multiparty regime, where such a correspondence does not exist even for pure quantum states. We establish a connection between the multiparty capacity of classical information transmission in quantum dense coding and several multipartite quantum correlation measures of the shared state, used in the dense coding protocol. In particular, we show that for the noiseless channel, if multipartite quantum correlations of an arbitrary multipartite state of arbitrary number of qubits are the same as those of the corresponding generalized Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state, then the multipartite dense coding capability of the former is the same as or better than that of the generalized Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state. Interestingly, in a noisy-channel scenario, where we consider both uncorrelated and correlated noise models, the relative abilities of the quantum channels to transfer classical information can get inverted by administration of a sufficient amount of noise. When the shared state is an arbitrary multipartite mixed state, we also establish a link between the classical capacity for the noiseless case and multipartite quantum correlation measures.
We introduce a probabilistic version of the one-shot quantum dense coding protocol in both two- and multiport scenarios in which the sender(s) transmit(s) only complete messages unambiguously, to a single receiver, and we refer to it as conclusive quantum dense coding. We derive the relevant form of the mutual information between encoded information and measurement results in the scenario considered. We analyze the corresponding capacities of shared states between two, three, and more qubits, and two qutrits. We identify cases where Pauli and generalized Pauli operators are not sufficient as encoders to attain the optimal one-shot conclusive quantum dense coding capacities. We find that there is a rich connection between the capacities and the bipartite as well as multipartite entanglements of the shared state.
There are two important paradigms for defining quantum correlations in quantum information theory, viz. the information-theoretic and the entanglement-separability ones. We find an analytical relation between two measures of quantum correlations, one in each paradigm, and show that only a certain cone-like region on the two-dimensional space spanned by these measures is accessible to pure three-qubit states. The information-theoretic multiparty quantum correlation measure is related to the monogamy considerations of a bipartite information-theoretic quantum correlation measure, while the entanglement-separability multiparty measure is the generalized geometric measure, a genuine multiparty entanglement measure. We also find an analytical relation between two multiparty entanglement measures, and again obtain a cone-like accessible region in this case. One of the multisite measures in this case is related to the monogamy of a bipartite entanglement measure, while the other is again the generalized geometric measure.