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arXiv:1212.3748 · IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity

DC and RF Measurements of Serial Bi-SQUID Arrays

G.V. Prokopenko, Oleg A. Mukhanov, Anna Leese de Escobar, B. J. Taylor, Marcio C. de Andrade, Susan A. E. Berggren, Patrick Longhini, Antonio Palacios, Marty Nisenoff, Robert L. Fagaly

Published Dec 24, 2012• 45 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

SQUID arrays are promising candidates for low-profile antennas and low-noise amplifier applications. We present the integrated circuit designs and results of dc and radio frequency measurements of wideband serial arrays based on the integration of linear bi-SQUID cells forming a superconducting quantum interference filter (bi-SQUID SQIF). Various configurations of serial array designs are described. The measured linearity, power gain, and noise temperature are analyzed and compared. The experimental results are matched to results of mathematical modeling. A serial bi-SQUID SQIF arrays are integrated into a coplanar waveguide, and symmetrically grounded to corresponding sides of the coplanar waveguide. The radio frequency output comes out from the central common line, which is also used for dc biasing, and forms a symmetrical balanced output. The signal and dc flux biasing line is designed as coplanar lines passed in parallel over each bi-SQUID cell in a bidirectional fashion concentrating magnetic flux inside of each cell. Serial bi-SQUID SQIF arrays are fabricated on 5 mm$\times$5 mm chips using a standard HYPRES niobium 4.5$ \hbox{kA/cm}^{2}$fabrication process.

DOI
10.1109/tasc.2012.2235171

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SQUID arrays are promising candidates for low-profile antennas and low-noise amplifier applications. We present the integrated circuit designs and results of dc and radio frequency measurements of wideband serial arrays based on the integration of linear bi-SQUID cells forming a superconducting quantum interference filter (bi-SQUID SQIF). Various configurations of serial array designs are described. The measured linearity, power gain, and noise temperature are analyzed and compared. The experimental results are matched to results of mathematical modeling. A serial bi-SQUID SQIF arrays are integrated into a coplanar waveguide, and symmetrically grounded to corresponding sides of the coplanar waveguide. The radio frequency output comes out from the central common line, which is also used for dc biasing, and forms a symmetrical balanced output. The signal and dc flux biasing line is designed as coplanar lines passed in parallel over each bi-SQUID cell in a bidirectional fashion concentrating magnetic flux inside of each cell. Serial bi-SQUID SQIF arrays are fabricated on 5 mm×\times×5 mm chips using a standard HYPRES niobium 4.5kA/cm2 \hbox{kA/cm}^{2}kA/cm2fabrication process.
We designed, fabricated, and measured broadband low-noise amplifiers based on Superconducting Quantum Interference Filters (SQIFs) for variety of applications ranging from superconducting quantum bits readout to satellite communication receivers. Our microwave amplifiers (Microwave SQAs) are based on 1-, 5-, 10-, 20-cell serial biSQUID SQIF arrays. The RF input is applied via a 50 Ohm coplanar waveguide connected to a superconducting line coupled to each biSQUID cell and integrated with input/output planar capacitors to define and tune up signal frequency bandwidth. The RF output comes out from the central common line via a balanced output circuit matching to a 50 Ohm output coplanar waveguide. The same circuit is used for symmetrical dc biasing of an array. Microwave SQA samples were fabricated on 5 mm × 5 mm chips using standard HYPRES niobium 4.5 kA/cm2fabrication process. The results of experimental evaluation of our Microwave SQAs based on SQIF serial arrays with different number of biSQUID cells are compared. We have demonstrated a power gain up to 20 dB from 8 to 11 GHz.
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The superconducting quantum interference filter (SQIF) is a new type of superconducting device which has been recently proposed for highly sensitive magnetometers for absolute magnetic field measurements. It benefits of very high voltage-to-field response, which is, in contrast conventional dc SQUIDs, not periodical. The SQIF can also be used as a radiofrequency amplifier in a similar way as the dc SQUID that can operate in a gigahertz frequency range. We designed a series type of SQIF amplifier that is compatible to conventional YBa2Cu3O7(YBCO) technology on bicrystal substrates. We present analytical, numerical and scale modeling as well as first electrical measurements results at frequencies up to 10 GHz. The SQIF array consists of 50 loops with randomly distributed areas from 0.5 to 1.5 times of . We also compared it to the regular array of conventional SQUIDs with the same loop areas. We have additional dc contacts to each 5-th SQUIDs and the SQIFs for control and comparison. Devices are fabricated using Josephson junctions with 3 mum width formed in YBCO over 24/24 and 12/12 degrees grain boundaries in yttrium-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) bicrystal substrates.
We have studied superconducting quantum interference filters (SQIFs) based on bicrystal neodymium gallate substrates, which can be used in the microwave frequency range. The characteristics of a serial SQIF have been compared for the first time with those of a single superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) and a chain of serially connected SQUIDs with equal areas of superconducting loops. The regime of SQIF operation with a voltage-flux ( V -Φ) characteristic determined by the magnetic-field dependence of the critical current in the Josephson junction has been analyzed. It is shown that the output noise of a SQIF measured with a cooled amplifier in the 1–2 GHz range is determined by the slope of the V -Φ characteristic. The influence of a spread in the parameters of Josephson junctions in the SQIF on the integral V -Φ characteristic of the whole structure is considered.