A brief non-technical review of the recent study of classical integrable structures in quantum integrable systems is given. It is explained how to identify the standard objects of quantum integrable systems (transfer matrices, Baxter's Q-operators, etc) with elements of classical non-linear integrable difference equations (τ-functions, Baker-Akhiezer functions, etc). The nested Bethe ansatz equations for Ak−1-type models emerge as discrete time equations of motion for zeros of classical τ-functions and Baker-Akhiezer functions. The connection with discrete time Ruijsenaars-Schneider system of particles is discussed.
We discuss an interrelation between quantum integrable models and classical soliton equations with discretized time. It appeared that spectral characteristics of quantum integrable systems may be obtained from entirely classical set up. namely, the eigenvalues of the quantum transfer matrix and the scattering S-matrix itself are identified with a certain τ-functions of the discrete Liouville equation. The Bethe ansatz equations are obtained as dynamics of zeros. For comparison we also present the Bethe ansatz equations for elliptic solutions of the classical discrete Sine-Gordon equation. The paper is based on the recent study of classical integrable structures in quantum integrable systems.1
The recent progress in revealing classical integrable structures in quantum models solved by Bethe ansatz is reviewed. Fusion relations for eigenvalues of quantum transfer matrices can be written in the form of classical Hirota's bilinear difference equation. This equation is also known as the completely discretized version of the 2D Toda lattice. We explain how one obtains the specific quantum results by solving the classical equation. The auxiliary linear problem for the Hirota equation is shown to generalize Baxter's T-Q relation.
The recent progress in revealing classical integrable structures in quantum models solved by Bethe ansatz is reviewed. Fusion relations for eigenvalues of quantum transfer matrices can be written in the form of classical Hirota’s bilinear difference equation. This equation is also known as the completely discretized version of the 2D Toda lattice. We explain how one obtains the specific quantum results by solving the classical equation. The auxiliary linear problem for the Hirota equation is shown to generalize Baxter’s T-Q relation.