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arXiv:1209.1831

Algebra of fundamental measurements as a basis of dynamics of economic systems

Tuluzov, Igor, Melnyk, Sergiy

Published Aug 31, 2012• 3 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We propose an axiomatic approach to constructing the dynamics of systems, in which one the main elements is the consciousness of a subject. The main axiom is the statements that the state of consciousness is completely determined by the results of measurements performed on it. In case of economic systems we propose to consider an offer of transaction as a fundamental measurement. Transactions with delayed choice, discussed in this paper, represent a logical generalization of incomplete transactions and allow for a more rigorous approach to studying the properties of the algebra of economic measurements. Considering the behavior of an object as a sequence of actions and choices allows extending the obtained results to random systems, which include the subject's consciousness as one of its elements. The specifics, on which the description of fundamental measurements is based, allows easily transferring the formalism of Schwinger's theory of selective measurements (and the consequent quantum-mechanical formalism) to the economic and social systems.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1209.1831

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We propose an axiomatic approach to constructing the dynamics of systems, in which one the main elements is the consciousness of a subject. The main axiom is the statements that the state of consciousness is completely determined by the results of measurements performed on it. In case of economic systems we propose to consider an offer of transaction as a fundamental measurement. Transactions with delayed choice, discussed in this paper, represent a logical generalization of incomplete transactions and allow for a more rigorous approach to studying the properties of the algebra of economic measurements. Considering the behavior of an object as a sequence of actions and choices allows extending the obtained results to random systems, which include the subject's consciousness as one of its elements. The specifics, on which the description of fundamental measurements is based, allows easily transferring the formalism of Schwinger's theory of selective measurements (and the consequent quantum-mechanical formalism) to the economic and social systems.
The standard approach to modeling of systems involving subjects (economic subjects, in particular) is based both on the information on their structure and the phenomenological assumptions on their properties.The alternative approach used in the physical theory is based on the analysis of group properties of a set of measurements of the observed system.The aim of the present paper was to study the possibilities of its use for modeling in economics.It has been shown that in the general case the quantum mechanical formalism of the theory of selective measurements is required for that.A proprietor's refusal or consent for the offered transaction is considered as a result of elementary economic measurement.The algebra of such measurements has been constructed.The economic analogs of the elementary slit experiments in physics have been created.The proposed approach can be also used for consciousness modeling.
A new constructivist approach to modeling in economics and theory of consciousness is proposed. The state of elementary object is defined as a set of its measurable consumer properties. A proprietor's refusal or consent for the offered transaction is considered as a result of elementary economic measurement. Elementary (indivisible) technology, in which the object's consumer values are variable, in this case can be formalized as a generalized economic measurement. The algebra of such measurements has been constructed. It has been shown that in the general case the quantum-mechanical formalism of the theory of selective measurements is required for description of such conditions. The economic analogs of the elementary slit experiments in physics have been created. The proposed approach can be also used for consciousness modeling.
A new constructivist approach to modeling in economics and theory of consciousness is proposed. The state of elementary object is defined as a set of its measurable consumer properties. A proprietor's refusal or consent for the offered transaction is considered as a result of elementary economic measurement. We were also able to obtain the classical interpretation of the quantum-mechanical law of addition of probabilities by introducing a number of new notions. The principle of "local equity" assumes the transaction completed (regardless of the result) of the states of transaction partners are not changed in connection with the reception of new information on proposed offers or adopted decisions (consent or refusal of the transaction). However it has no relation to the paradoxes of quantum theory connected with non-local interaction of entangled states. In the economic systems the mechanism of entangling has a classical interpretation, while the quantum-mechanical formalism of the description of states appears as a result of idealization of the selection mechanism in the proprietor's consciousness.
A new constructivist approach to modeling in economics and theory of consciousness is proposed.The state of elementary object is defined as a set of its measurable consumer properties.A proprietor's refusal or consent for the offered transaction is considered as a result of elementary economic measurement.We were also able to obtain the classical interpretation of the quantum-mechanical law of addition of probabilities by introducing a number of new notions.The principle of "local equity" assumes the transaction completed (regardless of the result) of the states of transaction partners are not changed in connection with the reception of new information on proposed offers or adopted decisions (consent or refusal of the transaction).However it has no relation to the paradoxes of quantum theory connected with non-local interaction of entangled states.In the economic systems the mechanism of entangling has a classical interpretation, while the quantum-mechanical formalism of the description of states appears as a result of idealization of the selection mechanism in the proprietor's consciousness.
The problem of measurement in economic models and the possibility of their quantum-mechanical description are considered. It is revealed that the apparent paradox of such a description is associated with a priori requirement of conformity of the model to all the alternatives of free choice of the observer. The measurement of the state of a trader on a stock exchange is formally defined as his responses to the proposals of sale at a fixed price. It is shown that an analogue of Bell's inequalities for this measurement model is violated at the most general assumptions related to the strategy of the trader and requires a quantum-mechanical description of the dynamics of his condition. In the framework of the theory of weak continuous quantum measurements, the equation of stock price dynamics and the quantum-mechanical generalization of the F. Black and M. Scholes model for pricing options are obtained. The fundamental distinctions between the obtained model and the classical one are discussed.
Abstract Abstract. The formal logic of many celebrated paradoxes of quantum measurements does not rule out the effect of the observer’s mind on the outcome of a measurement or even on the prehistory of a quantum system. The modern methodology of quantum mechanics offers a consistent explanation of the role of an observer’s consciousness in physical measurements in universal terms of the interaction between a quantum system and the environment, loss of quantum coherence, and the unitary evolution of the state vector. In this picture, the observer’s consciousness is no longer an agent that changes the prehistory of a quantum system, but is rather a subject of physical study. Instruments and methods based on quantum physics open a new phase in such studies.