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arXiv:1209.1352 · Physical Review A

Optomechanically induced transparency in a membrane-in-the-middle setup at room temperature

Marin Karuza, C. Biancofiore, M. Bawaj, C. Molinelli, M. Galassi, Riccardo Natali, P. Tombesi, Giovanni Di Giuseppe, David Vitali

Published Jul 3, 2013• 239 citations
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Abstract

We demonstrate the analog of electromagnetically induced transparency in a room temperature cavity optomechanics setup formed by a thin semitransparent membrane within a Fabry-P\'erot cavity. Due to destructive interference, a weak probe field is completely reflected by the cavity when the pump beam is resonant with the motional red sideband of the cavity. Under this condition we infer a significant slowing down of light of hundreds of microseconds, which is easily tuned by shifting the membrane along the cavity axis. We also observe the associated phenomenon of electromagnetically induced amplification which occurs due to constructive interference when the pump is resonant with the blue sideband.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.88.013804

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We demonstrate the analog of electromagnetically induced transparency in a room temperature cavity optomechanics setup formed by a thin semitransparent membrane within a Fabry-P'erot cavity. Due to destructive interference, a weak probe field is completely reflected by the cavity when the pump beam is resonant with the motional red sideband of the cavity. Under this condition we infer a significant slowing down of light of hundreds of microseconds, which is easily tuned by shifting the membrane along the cavity axis. We also observe the associated phenomenon of electromagnetically induced amplification which occurs due to constructive interference when the pump is resonant with the blue sideband.
Electromagnetically induced transparency is a quantum interference effect observed in atoms and molecules, in which the optical response of an atomic medium is controlled by an electromagnetic field. We demonstrated a form of induced transparency enabled by radiation-pressure coupling of an optical and a mechanical mode. A control optical beam tuned to a sideband transition of a micro-optomechanical system leads to destructive interference for the excitation of an intracavity probe field, inducing a tunable transparency window for the probe beam. Optomechanically induced transparency may be used for slowing and on-chip storage of light pulses via microfabricated optomechanical arrays.
We propose an atom-assisted cavity optomechanical system consisting of a single $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$-type three-level atom, a mechanical resonator, and a sideband-driven cavity. The analytic expression of the system's evolution is constructed under the consideration of sideband-driven fields, then steady-state solution of electromagnetically and optomechanically induced transparency and amplification is presented. In the resolved red sideband case, we demonstrate the appearance of electromagnetically and optomechanically induced transparency when the two sets of two-photon resonances are satisfied. Moreover, we set up the eigenstate structure for this atom-assisted cavity optomechanical system, which gives an explicit explanation for the mechanism of the transparency. In the resolved blue sideband case, we can achieve the controllable amplification of the probe light, which is induced by the constructive interactions of photon, atom, and phonon. The proposed scheme offers insight for the tripartite coherent interaction among photons, atoms, and phonons, which will provide great flexibility for phonon storage and motivate the development of quantum information processing.
Controlling the optical response of a medium through suitably tuned coherent electromagnetic fields is highly relevant in a number of potential applications, from all-optical modulators to optical storage devices. In particular, electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is an established phenomenon in which destructive quantum interference creates a transparency window over a narrow spectral range around an absorption line, which, in turn, allows to slow and ultimately stop light due to the anomalous refractive index dispersion. Here we report on the observation of a new form of both induced transparency and amplification of a weak probe beam in a strongly driven silicon photonic crystal resonator at room temperature. The effect is based on the oscillating temperature field induced in a nonlinear optical cavity, and it reproduces many of the key features of EIT while being independent of either atomic or mechanical resonances. Such thermo-optically induced transparency will allow a versatile implementation of EIT-analogs in an integrated photonic platform, at almost arbitrary wavelength of interest, room temperature and in a practical, low cost, and scalable system.
Electromagnetically induced transparency and optical memories in an optomechanical system with NNN membranes
We study the propagation of a weak probe field through an optomechanical system in which NNN nearly degenerate mechanical membranes are inside a Febry-Perot cavity, and couple dispersively to an intracavity field. We derive a general analytical expression for the output probe field. We show that the in-phase quadrature of the output probe field can exhibit multiple electromagnetically induced transparency with at most NNN narrow transparency windows. We find that the superluminal light can be achieved with at most NNN different negative group velocities at the transparency windows. Moreover, by using a time-dependent strong coupling pulse, we numerically simulate the storage and retrieval of a weak Gaussian-shaped probe pulse in an optical cavity with two nearly degenerate mechanical resonators.
Conventional membrane-in-the-middle (MIM) optomechanical systems offer limited control over the optical linewidth, which can limit their performance when operating in the unresolved-sideband regime. We investigate cavity optomechanics with a photonic-crystal Fano membrane placed at the center of a Fabry-Pérot (FP) cavity. In contrast to a conventional dielectric membrane, the photonic-crystal membrane supports a localized optical resonance, which hybridizes with the cavity field and enables spectral engineering of the relevant optical modes. Besides the usual dispersive optomechanical coupling associated with cavity-length changes, the membrane motion also modifies the Fano-mode resonance and its hybridization with the cavity field. We consider two limits set by the membrane reflectivity: a transparent-membrane regime with a single FP-like mode, and a reflective-membrane regime with two coupled subcavity modes. In the latter case, only the symmetric cavity mode hybridizes with the Fano mode, while the antisymmetric mode remains decoupled. Using quantum Langevin equations together with a transfer-matrix description of the optical scattering problem, we show that the Fano-induced hybridization can generate narrow optical normal modes that remain efficiently accessible to the external drive for experimentally realistic parameters. These modes can provide effective sideband resolution and enable ground-state cooling of the membrane motion even when the bare cavity is in the unresolved-sideband regime. Our results establish Fano MIM systems as a promising platform for spectral and optomechanical engineering.
We theoretically investigate the analog of electromagnetically induced absorption and parametric amplification in a hybrid opto-electromechanical system consisting of an optical cavity and a microwave cavity coupled to a common mechanical resonator. When the two cavity modes are driven by two pump fields, a weak probe beam is applied to the optical cavity to monitor the optical response of the hybrid system, which can be effectively controlled by adjusting the frequency and power of the two pump fields. We find that the analog of electromagnetically induced absorption and parametric amplification can appear in the probe transmission spectrum when one cavity is pumped on its red sideband and another is pumped on its blue sideband. These phenomena can find potential applications in optical switching and signal amplification in the quantum information process.