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arXiv:1209.1336

Detection of Weak Force using a Bose-Einstein Condensate

Sonam Mahajan, Tarun Kumar, Aranya B. Bhattacherjee, ManMohan

Published Sep 6, 2012• 0 citations
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Abstract

We investigate the possibility of detecting a weak coherent force by means of a hybrid optomechanical quantum device formed by a Bose Einstein Condensate (BEC) confined in a high quality factor optical cavity with an oscillatory end mirror. We show using the stochastic cooling technique that the atomic two-body interaction can be utilized to cool the mirror and achieve position squeezing essential for making sensitive measurements of weak forces. We further show that the atomic two-body interaction can also increase the signal to noise ratio (SNR) and decrease the noise of the off-resonant stationary spectral measurements.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1209.1336

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We investigate the possibility of detecting a weak coherent force by means of a hybrid optomechanical quantum device formed by a Bose Einstein Condensate (BEC) confined in a high quality factor optical cavity with an oscillatory end mirror. We show using the stochastic cooling technique that the atomic two-body interaction can be utilized to cool the mirror and achieve position squeezing essential for making sensitive measurements of weak forces. We further show that the atomic two-body interaction can also increase the signal to noise ratio (SNR) and decrease the noise of the off-resonant stationary spectral measurements.
We investigate the possibility of cooling a mechanical oscillator to its ground state and using it to detect a weak coherent force by means of a hybrid optomechanical quantum device formed by a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) confined in a high quality factor optical cavity with an oscillatory end mirror. We show using the stochastic cooling technique that the atomic two-body interaction can be utilized to cool the mirror and achieve position squeezing essential for making sensitive measurements of weak forces. We further show that for certain values of the system parameters and spectral range, the atomic two-body interaction can also increase the signal-to-noise ratio and decrease the noise of the off-resonant stationary spectral measurements. We show that the minimum noise is obtained only in the presence of BEC.
We present a detailed study to show the possibility of approaching the quantum ground state of a hybrid optomechanical quantum device formed by a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) confined inside a high-finesse optical cavity with an oscillatory end mirror. Cooling is achieved using two experimentally realizable schemes: back-action cooling and cold damping quantum feedback cooling. In both the schemes, we found that increasing the two-body atom–atom interaction brings the mechanical oscillator to its quantum ground state. It has been observed that back-action cooling is more effective in the good cavity limit, while the cold damping cooling scheme is more relevant in the bad cavity limit. It is also shown that in the cold damping scheme, the device is more efficient in the presence of a BEC than in the absence of a BEC.
In this paper, the scheme of a force sensor is proposed which has been composed of a hybrid optomechanical cavity containing an interacting cigar-shaped Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) where the sss-wave scattering frequency of the BEC atoms as well as the spring coefficient of the cavity moving end-mirror (the mechanical oscillator) are parametrically modulated. It is shown that, in the red-detuned regime and under the so-called impedance-matching condition, the mechanical response of the system to the input signal is enhanced substantially which leads to the amplification of the weak input signal while the added noise of measurement (backaction noise) can be suppressed and lowered much below the standard quantum limit. Furthermore, because of its large mechanical gain, such a modulated hybrid system is a much better amplifier in comparison to the (modulated) bare optomechanical system which can generate a stronger output signal while keeping the sensitivity nearly the same as that of the (modulated) bare one. The other advantages of the presented nonlinear hybrid system accompanied with the mechanical and atomic modulations in comparison to the bare optomechanical cavities are its controllability as well as the extension of the amplification bandwidth.
We theoretically investigate the dispersive interaction of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) trapped inside an optomechanical cavity with a moving end mirror in the presence of the laser phase noise (LPN) as well as the atomic collisions. We assume that the effective frequency of the optical mode is much greater than those of the mechanical and the Bogoliubov modes of the movable mirror and the BEC. In the adiabatic approximation where the damping rate of the cavity is faster than those of the other modes, the system behaves as an effective two-mode model in which the atomic and mechanical modes are coupled to each other through the mediation of the optical field by an effective coupling parameter. We show that in the effective two-mode model, the LPN appears as a classical stochastic pump term which drives the amplitude quadratures of the mechanical and the Bogoliubov modes. It is also shown that a strong stationary mirror-atom entanglement can be established just in the dispersive and Doppler regimes where the two modes come into resonance with each other and the effect of the LPN gets very small.
Summary form only given. We present a potential scheme to detect weak forces by employing a BEC confined in a double-well potential. Initially the condensate is prepared in a coherent superposition of having all the atoms in one well or the other. We allow the condensate to experience a phase shift for a certain time /spl tau/ under the influence of the force. The phase shift can be detected by using the technique analogous to the Ramsey interference. The interference fringes can be read out by performing a homodyne measurement on the condensate localized in one well. We have analyzed the limitations on the accuracy of the scheme and show that a high-precision measurement can be achieved if the condensate contains a large number of coherently condensed atoms.
We study the detection of weak coherent forces by means of an optomechanical device formed by a highly reflecting isolated mirror shined by an intense quasimonochromatic laser beam. Radiation pressure excites a vibrational mode of the mirror, inducing sidebands of the incident field, which are then measured by heterodyne detection. We show that the sensitivity of such a scheme can surpass the standard quantum limit. In particular the use of an entangled input state of the two sideband modes improves the detection, even in the presence of damping and noise acting on the mechanical mode.