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arXiv:1208.2874 · Nature Physics

A large-scale quantum simulator on a diamond surface at room temperature

Jianming Cai, Alex Retzker, Fedor Jelezko, Martin Bodo Plenio

Published Jan 20, 2013• 286 citations
arXivHTMLPDF
DOI
10.1038/nphys2519

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Diamond is a proven solid-state platform for spin-based quantum technology.The nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond has been used to realize small-scale quantum information processing and quantum sensing under ambient conditions.A major barrier in the development of large-scale quantum information processing in diamond is the connection of nitrogen-vacancy spin registers by a quantum bus at room temperature.Given that diamond is expected to be an ideal spin transport material, the coherent transport of spin directly between the spin registers offers a potential solution.Yet, there has been no demonstration of spin transport in diamond due to difficulties in achieving spin injection and detection via conventional methods.Here, we exploit detailed knowledge of the paramagnetic defects in diamond to identify novel mechanisms to photoionize, transport, and capture spin-polarized electrons in diamond at room temperature.Having identified these mechanisms, we explore how they may be combined to realize an on-chip spin quantum bus.
We report on time-resolved photoluminescence of a free-exciton in IIa chemical vapor deposition diamond crystal. Large difference between decay times for one- and two-photon excitation processes was observed. The longest room-temperature exciton photoluminescence lifetime τ(FE)=220 ns was obtained under two-photon excitation with a photon energy of 4.7 eV. The role of diffusion and surface recombination velocity in exciton photoluminescence dynamics was studied using a new optical method based on two-photon excited time-resolved photoluminescence. The measured room-temperature value of diffusion coefficient in diamond was D=40 cm(2)/s.
Abstract Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at the atomic scale offers exciting prospects for determining the structure and function of individual molecules and proteins. Quantum defects in diamond have recently emerged as a promising platform towards reaching this goal, and allowed for the detection and localization of single nuclear spins under ambient conditions. Here, we present an efficient strategy for extending imaging to large nuclear spin clusters, fulfilling an important requirement towards a single-molecule MRI technique. Our method combines the concepts of weak quantum measurements, phase encoding and simulated annealing to detect three-dimensional positions from many nuclei in parallel. Detection is spatially selective, allowing us to probe nuclei at a chosen target radius while avoiding interference from strongly-coupled proximal nuclei. We demonstrate our strategy by imaging clusters containing more than 20 carbon-13 nuclear spins within a radius of 2.4 nm from single, near-surface nitrogen–vacancy centers at room temperature. The radius extrapolates to 5–6 nm for 1H. Beside taking an important step in nanoscale MRI, our experiment also provides an efficient tool for the characterization of large nuclear spin registers in the context of quantum simulators and quantum network nodes.