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arXiv:1206.0845 · Europhysics Letters (EPL)

Enhanced backscattering of a dilute Bose-Einstein condensate

G. Labeyrie, Tomasz Karpiuk, Jean-François Schaff, Benoît Grémaud, Christian Miniatura, Dominique Delande

Published Dec 1, 2012• 29 citations
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Abstract

We study experimentally and numerically the quasi-bidimensional transport of a $^{87}$Rb Bose-Einstein condensate launched with a velocity $v_0$ inside a disordered optical potential created by a speckle pattern. A time-of-flight analysis reveals a pronounced enhanced density peak in the backscattering direction $-v_0$, a feature reminiscent of coherent backscattering. Detailed numerical simulations indicate however that other effects also contribute to this enhancement, including a "backscattering echo" due to the position-momentum correlations of the initial wave packet.

DOI
10.1209/0295-5075/100/66001

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We study experimentally and numerically the quasi-bidimensional transport of a 87^{87}87Rb Bose-Einstein condensate launched with a velocity v0v_0v0​ inside a disordered optical potential created by a speckle pattern. A time-of-flight analysis reveals a pronounced enhanced density peak in the backscattering direction −v0-v_0−v0​, a feature reminiscent of coherent backscattering. Detailed numerical simulations indicate however that other effects also contribute to this enhancement, including a "backscattering echo" due to the position-momentum correlations of the initial wave packet.
We report on the direct observation of coherent backscattering (CBS) of ultracold atoms in a quasi-two-dimensional configuration. Launching atoms with a well-defined momentum in a laser speckle disordered potential, we follow the progressive build up of the momentum scattering pattern, consisting of a ring associated with multiple elastic scattering, and the CBS peak in the backward direction. Monitoring the depletion of the initial momentum component and the formation of the angular ring profile allows us to determine microscopic transport quantities. We also study the time evolution of the CBS peak and find it in fair agreement with predictions, at long times as well as at short times. The observation of CBS can be considered a direct signature of coherence in quantum transport of particles in disordered media. It is responsible for the so called weak localization phenomenon, which is the precursor of Anderson localization.
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We study quantum transport of an interacting Bose-Einstein condensate in a two-dimensional disorder potential. In the limit of a vanishing atom-atom interaction, a sharp cone in the angle-resolved density of the scattered matter wave is observed, arising from constructive interference between amplitudes propagating along reversed scattering paths. Weak interaction transforms this coherent backscattering peak into a pronounced dip, indicating destructive instead of constructive interference. We reproduce this result, obtained from the numerical integration of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation, by a diagrammatic theory of weak localization in the presence of nonlinearity.
We have studied the effects of a disordered optical potential on the transport and phase coherence of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of 7Li^{7}\text{L}\text{i}7Li atoms. At moderate disorder strengths (VD)({V}_{D})(VD​), we observe inhibited transport and damping of dipole excitations, while in time-of-flight images, random but reproducible interference patterns are observed. In situ images reveal that the appearance of interference is correlated with density modulation, without complete fragmentation. At higher VD{V}_{D}VD​, the interference contrast diminishes as the BEC fragments into multiple pieces with little phase coherence.
We present a detailed analysis of the 1D expansion of a coherent interacting matterwave (a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC)) in the presence of disorder. A 1D random potential is created via laser speckle patterns. It is carefully calibrated and the self-averaging properties of our experimental system are discussed. We observe the suppression of the transport of the BEC in the random potential. We discuss the scenario of disorder-induced trapping taking into account the radial extension in our experimental 3D BEC and we compare our experimental results with the theoretical predictions.