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arXiv:1206.0780 · Physical Review Letters

Coherent Diabatic Ion Transport and Separation in a Multizone Trap Array

R. Bowler, John Gaebler, Yiheng Lin, Ting Rei Tan, David Hanneke, John D. Jost, Jonathan Home, D. Leibfried, David J. Wineland

Published Aug 20, 2012• 256 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We investigate the dynamics of single and multiple ions during transport between and separation into spatially distinct locations in a multizone linear Paul trap. A single $^{9}\mathrm{Be}^{+}$ ion in a $\ensuremath{\sim}2\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MHz}$ harmonic well was transported $370\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$ in $8\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{s}$, corresponding to 16 periods of oscillation, with a gain of 0.1 motional quanta. Similar results were achieved for the transport of two ions. We also separated chains of up to 9 ions from one potential well to two distinct potential wells. With two ions this was accomplished in $55\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{s}$, with excitations of approximately two quanta for each ion. Fast transport and separation can significantly reduce the time overhead in certain architectures for scalable quantum information processing with trapped ions.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.109.080502

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We investigate the dynamics of single and multiple ions during transport between and separation into spatially distinct locations in a multizone linear Paul trap. A single 9Be+^{9}\mathrm{Be}^{+}9Be+ ion in a \ensuremath∼2  MHz\ensuremath{\sim}2\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MHz}\ensuremath∼2  MHz harmonic well was transported 370  \ensuremathμm370\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}370  \ensuremathμm in 8  \ensuremathμs8\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{s}8  \ensuremathμs, corresponding to 16 periods of oscillation, with a gain of 0.1 motional quanta. Similar results were achieved for the transport of two ions. We also separated chains of up to 9 ions from one potential well to two distinct potential wells. With two ions this was accomplished in 55  \ensuremathμs55\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{s}55  \ensuremathμs, with excitations of approximately two quanta for each ion. Fast transport and separation can significantly reduce the time overhead in certain architectures for scalable quantum information processing with trapped ions.
We investigate the dynamics of mixed-species ion crystals during transport between spatially distinct locations in a linear Paul trap in the diabatic regime. In a general mixed-species crystal, all degrees of freedom along the direction of transport are excited by an accelerating well, so unlike the case of same-species ions, where only the center-of-mass mode is excited, several degrees of freedom have to be simultaneously controlled by the transport protocol. We design protocols that lead to low final excitations in the diabatic regime using invariant-based inverse engineering for two different-species ions and also show how to extend this approach to longer mixed-species ion strings. Fast transport of mixed-species ion strings can significantly reduce the operation time in certain architectures for scalable quantum-information processing with trapped ions.
Quantum information processors are predicted to enable a significant speedup in solving certain classes of problems compared to their classical counterparts. For one scheme of a processor implementation, required elements include qubits with long coherence times, laser-induced universal gates, information transport, and motional-state initialization using a second coolant ion species. Techniques described in this thesis include the use of a multiple electrode segmented trap, wherein information transport is achieved through the transport of qubit ions between spatially distinct locations. While experiment timescales had previously been dominated by ion transport and re-cooling of motional states, I have achieved transport and separation of qubit ions on timescales comparable to quantum logic gates. This work has been extended to achieve fast transport of qubit and coolant two-species ion chains. The developed techniques for ion transport result in low motional excitations, reducing the need for re-initialization of ion motional states. This can enable significant improvement in the operation time of an ion-based quantum information processor.
Summary form only given. We discuss experiments with trapped /sup 9/Be/sup +/ ions in a micro-machined linear Paul trap that has two trapping regions separated by 1.2 mm. This trap geometry permits experiments that are the first steps toward a multiplexed, scalable quantum computer. We demonstrate coherent manipulations on a single ion that is transported between trapping regions, separation of two ions, and a quantum logic gate on a single ion that is made possible by the significantly reduced heating rate in this trap. We demonstrate adiabatic transport of a single ion between the trapping regions using time varying electrode potentials. A single ion is transported adiabatically over 1.2 mm between the trapping regions in 500 /spl mu/s with a measured increase of 0.1 /spl plusmn/ 0.1 motional quanta. A single ion has been transported between traps non-adiabatically in times as short as 50 /spl mu/s. Through manipulation of the electrode potentials we also show controlled separation of two ions initially held in one region to two regions that are separated by 1.2 mm.
We have demonstrated transport of 9{}^{9}9Be+{}^{+}+ions through a two-dimensional Paul-trap array that incorporates an X junction, while maintaining the ions near the motional ground state of the confining potential well. We expand on the first report of the experiment in Blakestad et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 153002 (2009)], including a detailed discussion of how the transport potentials were calculated. Two main mechanisms that caused motional excitation during transport are explained, along with the methods used to mitigate such excitation. We reduced the motional excitation below the results in the above reference by a factor of approximately 50. The effect of a mu-metal shield on qubit coherence is also reported. Finally, we examined a method for exchanging energy between multiple motional modes on the few-quanta level, which could be useful for cooling motional modes without directly accessing the modes with lasers. These results establish how trapped ions can be transported in a large-scale quantum processor with high fidelity.
Abstract It was recently proposed to use small groups of trapped ions as qubit carriers in miniaturized electrode arrays that comprise a large number of individual trapping zones, between which ions could be moved [1,2] This approach might be scalable for quantum information processing with a large numbers of qubits. Processing of quantum information is achieved by transporting ions to and from separate memory and qubit manipulation zones in between quantum logic operations. The transport of ion groups in this scheme plays a major role and requires precise experimental control and fast transport times. In this paper we introduce a theoretical framework to study ion transport in external potentials that might be created by typical miniaturized Paul trap electrode arrays. In particular we discuss the relationship between classical and quantum descriptions of the transport and study the energy transfer to the oscillatory motion during near‐adiabatic transport. Based on our findings we suggest a numerical method to find electrode potentials as a function of time to optimize the local potential an ion experiences during transport. We demonstrate this method for one specific electrode geometry that should closely represent the situation encountered in realistic trap arrays.
We have investigated ion dynamics associated with a dual linear ion trap where ions can be stored in and moved between two distinct locations. Such a trap is a building block for a system to engineer arbitrary quantum states of ion ensembles. Specifically, this trap is the unit cell in a strategy for scalable quantum computing using a series of interconnected ion traps. We have transferred an ion between trap locations 1.2 mm apart in 50 μ\muμs with near unit efficiency (>106> 10^{6}>106 consecutive transfers) and negligible motional heating, while maintaining internal-state coherence. In addition, we have separated two ions held in a common trap into two distinct traps.