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arXiv:1205.6923

Variation of Longitudinal Plasma Wavelength under Irradiation and Double Resonance in Coupled Josephson Junctions

Yu. M. Shukrinov, I. R. Rahmonov, Mahmoud Gaafar

Published May 31, 2012• 12 citations
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Abstract

The effect of electromagnetic wave irradiation on the phase dynamics of intrinsic Josephson junctions in high temperature superconductors is investigated. We predict three novel effects by variation of the radiation amplitude and frequency: changing of the longitudinal plasma wavelength at parametric resonance; double resonance of the Josephson oscillations with radiation and longitudinal plasma wave; charging of superconducting layers in the current interval corresponding to the Shapiro step. The "bump" structure in IVC recently observed experimentally is demonstrated. We also observe ragged Shapiro steps at double resonance.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1205.6923

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The effect of electromagnetic wave irradiation on the phase dynamics of intrinsic Josephson junctions in high temperature superconductors is investigated. We predict three novel effects by variation of the radiation amplitude and frequency: changing of the longitudinal plasma wavelength at parametric resonance; double resonance of the Josephson oscillations with radiation and longitudinal plasma wave; charging of superconducting layers in the current interval corresponding to the Shapiro step. The "bump" structure in IVC recently observed experimentally is demonstrated. We also observe ragged Shapiro steps at double resonance.
We found that the coupled system of Josephson junctions under external electromagnetic radiation demonstrates a cascade of parametric instabilities. These instabilities appear along the IV characteristics within bias current intervals corresponding to Shapiro step subharmonics and lead to charging in the superconducting layers. The amplitudes of the charge oscillations increase with increasing external radiation power. We demonstrate the existence of longitudinal plasma waves at the corresponding bias current values. An essential advantage of the parametric instabilities in the case of subharmonics is the lower amplitude of radiation that is needed for the creation of the longitudinal plasma wave. This fact gives a unique possibility to create and control longitudinal plasma waves in layered superconductors. We propose a novel experiment for studying parametric instabilities and the charging of superconducting layers based on the simultaneous variation of the bias current and radiation amplitude.
Single crystals of layered high-temperature superconductors intrinsically behave as stacks of Josephson junctions. We analyze response of current-biased stack of intrinsic junctions to irradiation by the external electromagnetic (em) wave. In addition to well-known Shapiro steps in the current-voltage characteristics, irradiation promotes stimulated radiation which adds with spontaneous Josephson radiation from the crystal. Such enhancement of radiation from current-biased crystal may be used for amplification of em waves. Irradiation also facilitates synchronization of Josephson oscillations in all intrinsic Josephson junctions of a single crystal as well as oscillations in intrinsic junctions of different crystals.
We investigate the response of a stack of intrinsic Josephson junctions (IJJs) to terahertz (THz) electromagnetic (EM) irradiation. A significant amplification of the EM wave can be achieved by the IJJs stack when the incident frequency equals to one of the cavity frequencies. The irradiation excites $\ensuremath{\pi}$-phase kinks in the junctions, which stimulate the cavity resonance when the bias voltage is tuned. A large amount of dc energy is then pumped into the Josephson plasma oscillation and the incident wave gets amplified. From the profound current step in IVIVIV characteristics induced at the cavity resonance, the system can also be used for detection of the THz wave.
We investigate IV -characteristics of coupled Josephson junctions which model the intrinsic Josephson junctions in high temperature superconductors under external electromagnetic radiation. A staircase structure of Shapiro steps is found in the branching region. Its origin is related to the coupling between junctions and their switching from rotating to oscillating states. This conclusion is tested by detailed analysis of the IV -characteristics as for total stack and for each junction in the stack. IV -curves of junctions in the stack are compared with the average of time derivative of phase difference. Experimental observation of this staircase structure would give us a proof of coupling between junctions and a way for precise measurement of its value. Such investigations would be also useful for a diagnostic of Josephson junctions in the stack.
The microwave response properties of Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8+x long intrinsic Josephson junctions have been experimentally and theoretically investigated. We fabricated a mesa structure consisting of 14 junctions, 50 μm long and 4 μm wide, and observed the microwave-induced steps in the I-V characteristics under irradiation with microwaves in the range 5–8 GHz. The step voltages were proportional to the square root of the microwave power, implying that the steps were produced by the motion of fluxons created by the microwaves. The Josephson frequency corresponding to the maximum step voltage was estimated to be 570 GHz. The step voltage decreased with increasing temperature, which can be explained by the decrease of the Swihart velocity. We performed a numerical simulation using coupled sine-Gordon equations and obtained a power dependence of the step voltage similar to the experimental result, and demonstrated standing waves of electric fields with in-phase plasma oscillation in all the junctions. These facts suggest that the steps observed in the experiment were produced by plasma resonance excited by the external microwaves.
We consider a Josephson junction coupled to a high-quality parallel resonance circuit under microwave irradiation on the resonance frequency. The phase locking of Josephson oscillations, manifesting itself through Shapiro steps, is studied using an analytical theory developed for the circuit. Substantial change in the amplitude of the oscillating component of the Josephson phase within the phase-locking range determines specificity of the step behavior. This analysis is compared with the results of a numerical simulation.