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arXiv:1204.6479 · Physical Review A

Spin-squeezing property of weighted graph states

Peng Xue

Published Aug 7, 2012• 9 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We study the spin-squeezing property of weighted graph states, which can be used to improve the sensitivity in interferometry. Decoherence reduces the spin-squeezing property but the result remains superior over other reference schemes with Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) type maximally entangled states and product states. We study the time evolution of spin squeezing of weighted graph states coupled to different decoherence channels. Based on the analysis, the spin squeezing of the weighted graph states is robust in the presence of decoherence, and the decoherence limit in the improvement of the interferometric sensitivity is still achievable.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.86.023812

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We study the spin-squeezing property of weighted graph states, which can be used to improve the sensitivity in interferometry. Decoherence reduces the spin-squeezing property but the result remains superior over other reference schemes with Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) type maximally entangled states and product states. We study the time evolution of spin squeezing of weighted graph states coupled to different decoherence channels. Based on the analysis, the spin squeezing of the weighted graph states is robust in the presence of decoherence, and the decoherence limit in the improvement of the interferometric sensitivity is still achievable.
We study the spin squeezing property of weighted graph states, which can be used to improve sensitivity in interferometry. We study the time evolution of spin squeezing under local decoherence acting independently on each qubit. Based on the analysis, the spin squeezing of the weighted graph states is somehow robust in the presence of decoherence and the decoherence limit in the improvement of the interferometric sensitivity is still achievable. Furthermore, one can obtain the optimal improvement of sensitivity by tuning the weighted of each edges of the weighted graph state.
It is known that a partially entangled state gives improved sensitivity in generalized Ramsey spectroscopy in the presence of decoherence, whereas a maximally entangled state does not. However, it has been an open question whether the known decoherence limit in the improvement is achievable. We show that every spin-squeezed state possesses pairwise entanglement, thereby improving the spectroscopic sensitivity, and that even suboptimal entanglement in its easiest implementation suffices to asymptotically reach the decoherence limit without any measurement optimization.
We study spin squeezing behaviour in tripartite unsqueezed maximally entangled Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) and W states under various decoherence channels with Kitagawa–Ueda criteria. In order to search spin squeezing sudden death (SSSD) and perform the analysis of spin squeezing production we use bit flip, phase flip, bit-phase-flip, amplitude damping, phase damping and depolarization channels in the present study. In literature, the influence of decoherence has been studied usually as a destroying element. On the contrary here we investigate the positive impact of decoherence, which produces spin squeezing in unsqueezed GHZ and W states under certain channels. Our careful study shows that GHZ state remains unsqueezed under aforementioned channels except bit-phase-flip and depolarization channels, on the other hand all the decoherence channels produce spin squeezing in W state. So we find that, GHZ is more robust in comparison to W state in the sense of spin squeezing production under decoherence. Most importantly we find, none of the decoherence channels produce SSSD in either of the states.
In the present paper, we study spin squeezing under decoherence in the superposition of tripartite maximally entangled GHZ and W states. Here we use amplitude damping, phase damping and depolarisation channel. We have investigated the dynamics of spin squeezing with the interplay of super-position and decoherence parameters with different directions of the mean spin vector. We have found the mixture of GHZ and W states is robust against spin squeezing generation for amplitude damping and phase damping channels for certain directions of the mean spin vector. However, the depolarisation channel performs well for spin squeezing generation and generates permanent spin squeezing in the superposition of GHZ and W states.
Weighted graph states naturally arise when spin systems interact via an Ising-type interaction. First, we abstractly define the class of weighted graph states and demonstrate its computational accessibility. We show how reduced density matrices of a small number of spins (≈10) can be computed from arbitrarily large systems using weighted graph techniques and projected entangled pair techniques, and we discuss various entanglement measures accessible from these reduced density matrices. Second, we apply these findings to spin chains and lattices with long-range interactions and analytically derive area laws for the scaling of block-wise entanglement. Then, we turn to disordered spin systems, spin gases, which are connected to random weighted graph states and which share their entanglement properties. Finally, we use a spin gas as a bath that introduces decoherence in single as well as multipartite spin systems. The microscopic, exact decoherence model we obtain can operate in different regimes and exhibit non-Markovian features as well as spatially correlated noise effects.
It is known that partially entangled state gives improved sensitivity of Ramsey spectroscopy in the presence of decoherence, whereas maximally entangled state gives no improvement. However it has been an open question whether the absolute limit in the improvement is attainable by optimal entanglement alone or via measurement optimization. In this Paper, we answer this question by showing that even sub-optimal entanglement generated by the simplest spin squeezing can asymptotically attain the absolute improvement with increasing number of atoms.