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arXiv:1203.6141 · Physics Letters B

How the Unruh effect affects transition between classical and quantum decoherences

Zehua Tian, Jiliang Jing

Published Dec 14, 2011• 30 citations
arXivHTMLPDF
DOI
10.1016/j.physletb.2011.12.023

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We investigate the influence of Unruh radiation on matter-wave interferometry experiments using neutral objects modeled as dielectric spheres. The Unruh effect leads to a loss of coherence through momentum diffusion. This is a fundamental source of decoherence that affects all objects having electromagnetic interactions. However, the effect is not large enough to prevent the observation of interference for objects of any size, even when the path separation is larger than the size of the object. When the acceleration in the interferometer arms is large, inertial tidal forces will disrupt the material integrity of the interfering objects before the Unruh decoherence of the centre of mass motion is sufficient to prevent observable interference.
Quantum decoherence, which appears when a system interacts with its environment in an irreversible way, plays a fundamental role in the description of quantum-to-classical transitions and has been successfully applied in some important experiments. Here, we study the decoherence in noninertial frames. It is shown that the decoherence and loss of the entanglement generated by the Unruh effect will influence each other remarkably. It is interesting to note that, in the case of the total system under decoherence, the sudden death of entanglement may appear for any acceleration. However, in the case of only Rob's qubit undergoing decoherence, sudden death may only occur when the acceleration parameter is greater than a ``critical point.''
The interaction of an accelerated observer with a quantum field can modify the entanglement and quantum information shared between observers, thereby affecting quantum communication in non-inertial frames. We formulate the standard teleportation protocol in a relativistic setting where Alice remains inertial while Rob undergoes uniform acceleration and is modeled as an Unruh-DeWitt detector locally coupled to a massive scalar field. The detector-field interaction initially leads to a loss of entanglement and quantum information shared between Alice and Rob. Remarkably, under acceleration, the anti-Unruh regime can reverse this degradation, leading to an increase in both the shared entanglement and the accessible quantum information. We further find that, in the anti-Unruh regime, the teleportation fidelity is independent of the local free-evolution time of Alice's and Rob's states. At high accelerations, the recovered entanglement and quantum information enhance the teleportation fidelity, which approaches unity under appropriate conditions. These results demonstrate that the anti-Unruh effect can protect and recover quantum entanglement and information in a non-inertial frame by reducing the detector's effective temperature and the associated decoherence.