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arXiv:1005.2865 · Physical Review A

Quantum decoherence in noninertial frames

Jieci Wang, Jiliang Jing

Published Sep 24, 2010• 87 citations
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Abstract

Quantum decoherence, which appears when a system interacts with its environment in an irreversible way, plays a fundamental role in the description of quantum-to-classical transitions and has been successfully applied in some important experiments. Here, we study the decoherence in noninertial frames. It is shown that the decoherence and loss of the entanglement generated by the Unruh effect will influence each other remarkably. It is interesting to note that, in the case of the total system under decoherence, the sudden death of entanglement may appear for any acceleration. However, in the case of only Rob's qubit undergoing decoherence, sudden death may only occur when the acceleration parameter is greater than a ``critical point.''

DOI
10.1103/physreva.82.032324

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Quantum decoherence, which appears when a system interacts with its environment in an irreversible way, plays a fundamental role in the description of quantum-to-classical transitions and has been successfully applied in some important experiments. Here, we study the decoherence in noninertial frames. It is shown that the decoherence and loss of the entanglement generated by the Unruh effect will influence each other remarkably. It is interesting to note that, in the case of the total system under decoherence, the sudden death of entanglement may appear for any acceleration. However, in the case of only Rob's qubit undergoing decoherence, sudden death may only occur when the acceleration parameter is greater than a ``critical point.''
We study the effects of decoherence on the entanglement generated by the Unruh effect in noninertial frames by using phase flip, phase damping and depolarizing channels. It is shown that decoherence strongly influences the initial state entanglement. Entanglement sudden death can occur irrespective of the acceleration of the noninertial frame under the action of phase flip and phase damping channels. It is investigated that an early sudden death occurs for large acceleration under the depolarizing environment. Moreover, entanglement increases for a highly decohered phase flip channel.
We study the effects of decoherence on the entanglement generated by Unruh effect in accelerated frames by using various combinations of an amplitude damping channel, a phase damping channel and a depolarizing channel in the form of multilocal and collective environments. Using concurrence as entanglement quantifier, we show that the occurrence of entanglement sudden death (ESD) depends on different combinations of the channels. The ESD can be avoided under a particular configuration of the channels. We show that the channels can be used to distinguish between a moving and a stationary frame.
We investigate the effects of quantum decoherence generated by the Unruh effect in non-inertial frames under an amplitude damping channel and a phase damping channel, respectively, when the Unruh single particle has right and left components. We not only consider the influence of acceleration on entanglement, but also consider the influence of different rates between right and left components of the Unruh single-particle state on entanglement. We find that when the Unruh single-particle state has right and left components, i.e. |1⟩U = q L|0⟩I|1⟩II + q R|1⟩I|0⟩II, |q R|2 + |q L|2 = 1, with q L ≠ 0, there appears the sudden death of entanglement, which occurs earlier under both the amplitude damping channel and the phase damping channel with the increase of acceleration than that when the Unruh single-particle state only has a right component (q R = 1, q L = 0). We also find that the initial entanglement decreases with decrease of q R from 1 to 1/21/2.
The effect of decoherence on a qubit-qutrit system under the influence of global and multilocal decoherence in non-inertial frames is investigated. It is shown that the entanglement sudden death (ESD) can be avoided in non-inertial frames in the presence of dephasing and bit-trit phase flip channels for entire range of decoherence. However, ESD behaviour is seen for higher level of decoherence in case of phase flip and bit-trit flip channels. Irrespective of the entanglement degradation caused by the Unruh effect, no ESD occurs for the dephasing environment. Furthermore, flipping channels have approximately similar effect on the entanglement of the hybrid system.
In this paper, we investigate the entanglement dynamics of a two-qubit entangled state coupled with its noisy environment, and plan to utilize weak measurement and quantum reversal measurement to study the entanglement dynamics under different decoherence channels in noninertial frames. Through the calculations and analyses, it is shown that the weak measurement can prevent entanglement from coupling to the amplitude damping channel, while the system is under the phase damping and flip channels. This protection protocol cannot prevent entanglement but will accelerate the death of entanglement. In addition, if the system is in the noninertial reference frame, then the effect of weak measurement will be weakened for the amplitude damping channel. Nevertheless, for other decoherence channels, the Unruh effect does not affect the quantum weak measurement, the only exception is that the maximum value of entanglement is reduced to √2/2 of the original value in the inertial frames.
We use the Unruh effect to investigate how the teleportation of quantum states is affected when one of the entangled qubits used in the process is under the influence of some external force. In order to reach a comprehensive understanding, a detailed analysis of the acceleration effect on such entangled qubit system is performed. In particular, we calculate the mutual information and concurrence between the two qubits and show that the latter has a ``sudden death'' at a finite acceleration, whose value will depend on the time interval along which the detector is accelerated.