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arXiv:1203.2488

Multi-mode solitons in the classical Dicke-Jaynes-Cummings-Gaudin Model

O. Babelon, Benoît Douçot

Published Mar 12, 2012• 0 citations
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Abstract

We present a detailed analysis of the classical Dicke-Jaynes-Cummings-Gaudin integrable model, which describes a system of $n$ spins coupled to a single harmonic oscillator. We focus on the singularities of the vector-valued moment map whose components are the $n+1$ mutually commuting conserved Hamiltonians. The level sets of the moment map corresponding to singular values may be viewed as degenerate and often singular Arnold-Liouville torii. A particularly interesting example of singularity corresponds to unstable equilibrium points where the rank of the moment map is zero, or singular lines where the rank is one. The corresponding level sets can be described as a reunion of smooth strata of various dimensions. Using the Lax representation, the associated spectral curve and the separated variables, we show how to construct explicitely these level sets. A main difficulty in this task is to select, among possible complex solutions, the physically admissible family for which all the spin components are real. We obtain explicit solutions to this problem in the rank zero and one cases. Remarkably this corresponds exactly to solutions obtained previously by Yuzbashyan and whose geometrical meaning is therefore revealed. These solutions can be described as multi-mode solitons which can live on strata of arbitrary large dimension. In these solitons, the energy initially stored in some excited spins (or atoms) is transferred at finite times to the oscillator mode (photon) and eventually comes back into the spin subsystem. But their multi-mode character is reflected by a large diversity in their shape, which is controlled by the choice of the initial condition on the stratum.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1203.2488

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We present a detailed analysis of the classical Dicke-Jaynes-Cummings-Gaudin integrable model, which describes a system of nnn spins coupled to a single harmonic oscillator. We focus on the singularities of the vector-valued moment map whose components are the n+1n+1n+1 mutually commuting conserved Hamiltonians. The level sets of the moment map corresponding to singular values may be viewed as degenerate and often singular Arnold-Liouville torii. A particularly interesting example of singularity corresponds to unstable equilibrium points where the rank of the moment map is zero, or singular lines where the rank is one. The corresponding level sets can be described as a reunion of smooth strata of various dimensions. Using the Lax representation, the associated spectral curve and the separated variables, we show how to construct explicitely these level sets. A main difficulty in this task is to select, among possible complex solutions, the physically admissible family for which all the spin components are real. We obtain explicit solutions to this problem in the rank zero and one cases. Remarkably this corresponds exactly to solutions obtained previously by Yuzbashyan and whose geometrical meaning is therefore revealed. These solutions can be described as multi-mode solitons which can live on strata of arbitrary large dimension. In these solitons, the energy initially stored in some excited spins (or atoms) is transferred at finite times to the oscillator mode (photon) and eventually comes back into the spin subsystem. But their multi-mode character is reflected by a large diversity in their shape, which is controlled by the choice of the initial condition on the stratum.
Using the technique of classical r-matrices and quantum Lax operators, we construct the most general form of the quantum integrable “n-level, many-mode” spin-boson Jaynes-Cummings-Dicke-type hamiltonians describing an interaction of a molecule of N n-level atoms with many modes of electromagnetic field and containing, in general, additional non-linear interaction terms. We explicitly obtain the corresponding quantum Lax operators and spin-boson analogs of the generalized Gaudin hamiltonians and prove their quantum commutativity. We investigate symmetries of the obtained models that are associated with the geometric symmetries of the classical r-matrices and construct the corresponding algebra of quantum integrals. We consider in detail three classes of non-skew-symmetric classical r-matrices with spectral parameters and explicitly obtain the corresponding quantum Lax operators and Jaynes-Cummings-Dicke-type hamiltonians depending on the considered r-matrix.
Using the technique of classical r -matrices and quantum Lax operators we construct the most general form of the quantum integrable ‘two-level, one-mode’ spin-boson Jaynes–Cummings–Dicke-type model. We consider in detail two subclasses of this model and the corresponding examples associated with concrete classical r -matrices with spectral parameters. We show that the so-called ‘diagonal’ in the root basis r -matrices produces integrable Jaynes–Cummings–Dicke-type models with the ‘rotating wave approximation’, while all other types of classical r -matrices produce integrable JCD models without the rotating wave approximation. We construct an explicit example of an integrable Hermitian Jaynes–Cummings–Dicke-type Hamiltonian containing both ‘rotating’ and ‘counter-rotating’ terms. In the case of the diagonal r -matrices we find the spectrum of the corresponding quantum Hamiltonians using the algebraic Bethe ansatz.
We consider the Jaynes-Cummings model of a single quantum spin sss coupled to a harmonic oscillator in a parameter regime where the underlying classical dynamics exhibits an unstable equilibrium point. This state of the model is relevant to the physics of cold atom systems, in non-equilibrium situations obtained by fast sweeping through a Feshbach resonance. We show that in this integrable system with two degrees of freedom, for any initial condition close to the unstable point, the classical dynamics is controlled by a singularity of the focus-focus type. In particular, it displays the expected monodromy, which forbids the existence of global action-angle coordinates. Explicit calculations of the joint spectrum of conserved quantities reveal the monodromy at the quantum level, as a dislocation in the lattice of eigenvalues. We perform a detailed semi-classical analysis of the associated eigenstates. Whereas most of the levels are well described by the usual Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization rules, properly adapted to polar coordinates, we show how these rules are modified in the vicinity of the critical level. The spectral decomposition of the classically unstable state is computed, and is found to be dominated by the critical WKB states. This provides a useful tool to analyze the quantum dynamics starting from this particular state, which exhibits an aperiodic sequence of solitonic pulses with a rather well defined characteristic frequency.
We consider quantum integrable systems associated with non-skew-symmetric sl (2)-valued classical r -matrices. For a special class of such r -matrices we construct a one-parametric family of integrable modifications of the ‘two-level one-mode’ Jaynes–Cummings–Dicke Hamiltonians, with non-uniform coupling constants, containing additional Kerr- and Stark-type nonlinearities. We also construct a family of integrable Bose–Hubbard-type dimers and a family of integrable models that unifies Bose–Hubbard- and Jaynes–Cummings–Dicke-type models and may be called a ‘two-level, two-mode’ Jaynes–Cummings–Dicke model or a ‘spin generalization’ of a Bose–Hubbard dimer. We diagonalize the constructed models with the help of the algebraic Bethe ansatz technique in any irreducible representation of the sl (2) ⊕ N spin algebra.
We investigate the quantum Jaynes–Cummings model—a particular case of the Gaudin model with one of the spins being infinite. Starting from the Bethe equations we derive Baxter's equation and from it a closed set of equations for the eigenvalues of the commuting Hamiltonians. A scalar product in the separated variables representation is found for which the commuting Hamiltonians are Hermitian. In the semi-classical limit the Bethe roots accumulate on very specific curves in the complex plane. We give the equation for these curves. They build up a system of cuts modelling the spectral curve as a two-sheeted cover of the complex plane. Finally, we extend some of these results to the XXX Heisenberg spin chain.
We analyze symmetries of the integrable generalizations of Jaynes–Cummings and Dicke models associated with simple Lie algebras g and their reductive subalgebras gK [T. Skrypnyk, “Generalized n-level Jaynes-Cummings and Dicke models, classical rational r-matrices and nested Bethe ansatz,” J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 41, 475202 (2008)]. We show that their symmetry algebras contain commutative subalgebras isomorphic to the Cartan subalgebras of g, which can be added to the commutative algebras of quantum integrals generated with the help of the quantum Lax operators. We diagonalize additional commuting integrals and constructed with their help the most general integrable quantum Hamiltonian of the generalized n-level many-mode Jaynes–Cummings and Dicke-type models using nested algebraic Bethe ansatz.