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arXiv:1202.5589 · Physical Review A

Spectra and ground states of one- and two-dimensional laser-driven lattices of ultracold Rydberg atoms

Wolfgang Zeller, Michael Mayle, Thorsten Bonato, Gerhard Reinelt, Peter Schmelcher

Published Jun 1, 2012• 13 citations
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Abstract

We investigate static properties of laser-driven ultracold Rydberg atoms confined to one- and two-dimensional uniform lattices in the limit of vanishing laser coupling. The spectral structure of square lattices is compared to those of linear chains, and similarities as well as differences are pointed out. Furthermore, we employ a method based on elements of graph theory to numerically determine the laser-detuning-dependent ground states of various lattice geometries. Ground states for chains as well as square and rectangular lattices are provided and are discussed.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.85.063603

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We investigate the spectral properties of a finite laser-driven lattice of ultracold Rydberg atoms exploiting the dipole blockade effect in the frozen Rydberg gas regime. Uniform one-dimensional lattices as well as lattices with variable spacings are considered. In the case of a weak laser coupling, we find a multitude of many-body Rydberg states with well-defined excitation properties which are adiabatically accessible starting from the ground state. A comprehensive analysis of the degeneracies of the spectrum as well as of the single- and pair-excitation numbers of the eigenstates is performed. In the strong laser regime, analytical solutions for the pseudo-fermionic eigenmodes are derived. Perturbative energy corrections for this approximative approach are provided.
We propose a method for the determination of the interaction potential of Rydberg atoms. Specifically, we consider a laser-driven Rydberg gas confined in a one-dimensional lattice and demonstrate that the Rydberg atom number after a laser excitation cycle as a function of the laser detuning provides a measure for the Rydberg interaction coefficient. With the lattice spacing precisely known, the proposed scheme only relies on the measurement of the number of Rydberg atoms and thus circumvents the necessity to map the interaction potential by varying the interparticle separation.
We study the excitation dynamics of Rydberg atoms in a one-dimensional lattice with periodic boundary conditions where the atomic Rydberg states are resonantly excited from the electronic ground state. Our description of the corresponding dynamics is numerically exact within the perfect blockade regime, i.e., no two atoms in a given range can be excited. The time evolution of the mean Rydberg density, density-density correlations, as well as entanglement properties is analyzed in detail. We demonstrate that the short-time dynamics is universal and dominated by quantum phenomena, while for larger time the characteristics of the lattice become important and the classical features determine the dynamics. The results of the perfect blockade approach are compared to the predictions of an effective Hamiltonian which includes the interaction of two neighboring Rydberg atoms up to the second-order perturbation theory.
We study the static behavior of a gas of atoms held in a one-dimensional lattice where two distinct electronically high-lying Rydberg states are simultaneously excited by laser light. We focus on a situation where interactions of van-der-Waals type take place only among atoms that are in the same Rydberg state. We analytically investigate at first the so-called classical limit of vanishing laser driving strength. We show that the system exhibits a surprisingly complex ground state structure with a sequence of compatible to incompatible transitions. The incompatibility between the species leads to mutual frustration, a feature which pertains also in the quantum regime. We perform an analytical and numerical investigation of these features and present an approximative description of the system in terms of a Rokhsar–Kivelson Hamiltonian which permits the analytical understanding of the frustration effects even beyond the classical limit.
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We study the dynamics of dissipative spin lattices with power-law interactions, realized via few-level atoms driven by coherent laser-coupling and decoherence processes. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we determine the phase diagram in the steady state and analyze its generation dynamics. As opposed to mean-field predictions and nearest-neighbor models, there is no transition to long-range-ordered phases for realistic interactions and resonant driving. However, for finite laser detunings, we demonstrate the emergence of crystalline order. Although the static and dynamical critical exponents of the revealed dissipative phase transition fall into the two-dimensional Ising universality class, the found steady states differ considerably from those of an equilibrium Ising magnet. Two complementary schemes for an experimental implementation with cold Rydberg atoms are discussed.